Caffeine Evaluation, Identification of Caffeine as Natural or Synthetic

Weinkauff, O. J.; Radue, R. W.; Keller, R. E.; Crane, H. R.

doi:10.1021/jf60117a017

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…(chemically known as 1,3,7trimethylxanthine) is a white crystalline xanthine alkaloid, which is bitter in taste" [4,5]. "It is one of the bioactive compounds that can be self-administered in its natural or synthetic form" [6,7]. "Caffeine is naturally found in tea leaves, cocoa, beans, nuts such as kola nut and bitter kola, and fruits of more than sixty plants" [5,6,8].…”

Section: "Caffeinementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ameliorative Role of Citrullus vulgaris (Schrad) Seeds on Caffeine-induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats

Feyisayo,

Toyin,

Blessing

et al. 2024

EJMP

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Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug in the world. It is often marketed for its physical and cognitive performance benefits. Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. The ingestion of potentially toxic amounts of caffeine in the forms of energy drinks, over-the-counter supplements, addiction or use of anhydrous caffeine products places individuals at risk for accidental overdose. An overdose of this drug is not without its attendant consequences on the liver and the Kidney. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the possible hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Citrullus vulgaris seed extracts on caffeine induced toxicity. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. They were induced with caffeine (100 mg/kg) and treated with graded doses (100, 300 and 500 mg/ kg bwt.) of aqueous seeds extract of C. vulgaris for 21 days. The plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea were estimated. Electrolytes (sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium ion) were also estimated. Plasma lipid profiling (total cholesterol, triacylglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was carried out and the liver and kidney of the rats were examined for histopathological changes. The results showed that administration of aqueous seeds extract of Citrullus vulgaris restored the levels of the plasma enzymes, blood proteins, urea and creatinine as well as the levels of electrolytes close to normal control levels which were significantly altered by caffeine intoxication, Photomicrographs sections of the liver and kidney showed that the aqueous seeds extract of Citrullus vulgaris was able to repair damage to organs caused by caffeine-intoxication. The study concluded that the aqueous seeds extract of C. vulgaris possesses ameliorative potential against hepatic and renal damage that arises from caffeine-intoxication.

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Section: "Caffeinementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ameliorative Role of Citrullus vulgaris (Schrad) Seeds on Caffeine-induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats

Feyisayo,

Toyin,

Blessing

et al. 2024

EJMP

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“…Since ages past, caffeine has been among such bioactive compounds with the quality of being used in its natural or synthetic form [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Caffeine (chemically, 1,2,3-trimethylxanthine) is a white crystalline xanthine alkaloid, which is bitter in taste [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Caffeine on Some Selected Biochemical Parameters Using Rat Model

Agomuo

Majesty

Augustine

et al. 2017

Advances in Biology

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Effect of caffeine on some selected biochemical parameters using rat model was investigated. Standard methods of analysis were used for the study. A total of sixty (60) rats divided equally into five groups of which one group served as the control, and the rest as test groups were used. The test rats were placed on different concentrations of caffeine for twenty-eight (28) days. Results obtained for the selected biochemical parameters revealed that AST and ALT levels of the liver increased significantly ( < 0.05) in test rats against the control. Creatinine and electrolyte ions of the kidney increased significantly ( < 0.05) in test groups when compared to the control. Haematological indices such as WBC, monocytes, lymphocytes, MCV, MCHC, and MCV levels were significantly altered ( < 0.05) in test rats against those of the control. It therefore becomes imperative for those that consume caffeine with believe that it does more good work than harm to take note of these findings. This study has revealed the effect of caffeine on some selected biochemical parameters using rat model.

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“…In consideration of the growing demand for natural drinks on the one hand and the significant price differences between naturally occurring caffeine sources and synthetic caffeine chemicals on the other hand, there is a high risk of fraud by false declaration of caffeine origins. Moreover, the naturally caffeinated drinks are generally assumed to be healthier than energy drinks containing high levels of synthetic caffeine ,− that can lead to adverse effects, such as anxiety and insomnia. , Some energy drinks contain caffeine in excess of 400 mg, which is the maximum daily allowance of caffeine for a healthy adult. , Discrimination of natural and synthetic caffeine has received attention since energy drinks first appeared in Europe and Asia in 1960s when radiocarbon analysis of caffeine was used for identification as to its natural or synthetic origin. , …”

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confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Discrimination of natural and synthetic caffeine has received attention since energy drinks first appeared in Europe and Asia in 1960s when radiocarbon analysis of caffeine was used for identification as to its natural or synthetic origin. 9,10 Stable isotope analysis has proved to be a powerful tool for detecting adulteration in food products. 11−15 The carbon stable isotope ratio depends upon the origin of the material.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine in Your Drink: Natural or Synthetic?

et al. 2012

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Owing to possible adulteration and health concerns, it is important to discriminate between natural and synthetic food ingredients. A new method for compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) by coupling high-temperature reversed-phase liquid chromatography to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HT-RPLC/IRMS) was developed for discrimination of natural and synthetic caffeine contained in all types of drinks. The analytical parameters such as stationary phase, column inner diameter, and column temperature were optimized for the separation of caffeine directly from drinks (without extraction). On the basis of the carbon isotope analysis of 42 natural caffeine samples including coffee beans, tea leaves, guaraná powder, and maté leaves, and 20 synthetic caffeine samples from different sources by high-temperature reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry, it is concluded that there are two distinguishable groups of caffeine δ(13)C-values: one between -25 and -32‰ for natural caffeine, and the other between -33 and -38‰ for synthetic caffeine. Isotope analysis by HT-RPLC/IRMS has been applied to identify the caffeine source in 38 drinks. Four mislabeled products were detected due to added but nonlabeled synthetic caffeine with δ(13)C-values lower than -33‰. This work is the first application of HT-RPLC/IRMS to real-world food samples, which showed several advantages: simple sample preparation (only dilution), high throughput, long-term column stability, and high precision of δ(13)C-value. Thus, HT-RPLC/IRMS can be a very promising tool in stable isotope analysis of nonvolatile compounds.

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Caffeine Evaluation, Identification of Caffeine as Natural or Synthetic

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of Ameliorative Role of Citrullus vulgaris (Schrad) Seeds on Caffeine-induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats

Assessment of Ameliorative Role of Citrullus vulgaris (Schrad) Seeds on Caffeine-induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats

Effect of Caffeine on Some Selected Biochemical Parameters Using Rat Model

Caffeine in Your Drink: Natural or Synthetic?

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