Caffeine Intake and Its Sex-Specific Association with General Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Analysis among General Population Adults

Paz‐Graniel, Indira; Kose, Junko; Babió, Nancy; Herçberg, Serge; Galán, Pilar; Touvier, Mathilde; Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi; Andreeva, Valentina A.

doi:10.3390/nu14061242

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The frequency of the occurrence of anxiety or nervousness was more than three times higher in the female group than in the male group, and these results are consistent with the findings of Pez-Graniel [ 44 ]. Although some animal studies suggest that caffeine has the potential to reduce anxiety [ 45 ], the authors found no such effect in this study, but this may be related to the relatively low doses of caffeine used in the study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine Consumption

Domaszewski

2023

Nutrients

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Gender-specific caffeine-related adverse effects should be thoroughly investigated. Sixty-five adult participants were included in the study, 30 men and 35 women (age, 22.5 ± 2.8; body weight, 71.7 ± 16.2 kg; BMI, 23.6 ± 4.4). The participants who were classified as low and moderate caffeine users received 3 mg/kg, and high caffeine users received 6 mg/kg of caffeine in one dose. One hour after ingestion of caffeine and within twenty-four hours, the participants completed a side effect questionnaire. Effects after the ingestion of CAF were divided into two subgroups: negative (muscle soreness, increased urine output, tachycardia and palpitations, anxiety or nervousness, headache, gastrointestinal problems, and insomnia) and positive (perception improvement; increased vigor/activeness). Caffeine ingestion resulted in a statistically significant association between gender and negative effects one hour after ingestion (p = 0.049). Gender and positive effects one hour after ingestion (p = 0.005), and between gender and positive effects within 24 h after ingestion (p = 0.047). There were significant associations between gender and perception improvement (p = 0.032) and gender and increased vigor/activeness (p = 0.009) one hour after ingestion. Nearly 30% of men and 54% of women reported negative effects. At the same time, 20% of women and more than 50% of men reported positive effects. Gender is an important factor in the negative and positive effects of caffeine consumption.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine Consumption

Domaszewski

2023

Nutrients

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“…The findings of prior epidemiologic investigations on the relationship between caffeine use and cognitive function in humans have been inconsistent. 29 The findings of a prospective cohort study conducted in Portugal, 30 including both male and female participants, demonstrated an association between caffeine intake and a reduced risk of cognitive decline in women. However, it is essential to mention that the association was not statistically significant among males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does dietary intake of caffeine have an effect on transient global amnesia?

Zeinalabedini,

Mousavi,

Amjadi

et al. 2023

Neuropsychopharm Rep

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AimAmnesia is a cognitive disorder that may lead to memory loss. Caffeine is a psychoactive substance which have an effect on memory and cognitive functions. This study aimed to assess the association of transient global amnesia (TGA) with dietary intake of caffeine.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on the Sabzevar Persian cohort data of 258 patients with TGA and 520 healthy individuals in Sabzevar, Iran. The Nutritional data were gathered in face‐to‐face interviews using a valid Food Frequency Questionnaire. Different models of logistic regression were used to determine the association between TGA and dietary caffeine intake after adjusting the confounders including age, sex, education, job, marital status, physical activity, BMI, and calorie intake.ResultsThere was no significant difference in terms of dietary calorie intake of (2279.5 ± 757.9 vs. 2365.5 ± 799.5, p = 0.19), protein (70.79 ± 25.27 vs. 72.94 ± 24.83, p = 0.31), fat (59.97 ± 23.79 vs. 60.13 ± 26.38, p = 0.93), carbohydrate (376 ± 134 vs. 393.1 ± 137.8, p = 0.14), and caffeine (196.4 ± 127.9 vs. 186.3 ± 128.5, p = 0.36) between the groups. No significant association was found between TGA and dietary intake of caffeine (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99–1.01, p = 0.36). The results did not change after adjusting the confounders.ConclusionsNo significant association was found between TGA and dietary intake of caffeine. Further prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.

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“…Thus, our study corroborates the idea that while CAF supplements can enhance cognitive performance, there is a delicate balance to avoid potential negative repercussions. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that both humans, especially females, and animals exhibit anxiety and similar behaviors after the administration of high doses of CAF [ 78 , 79 ]. The frequency of behaviors indicative of anxiety escalated when influenced by CAF, but these effects were somewhat diminished when fewer quantities of CAF were administered to animals [ 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency of behaviors indicative of anxiety escalated when influenced by CAF, but these effects were somewhat diminished when fewer quantities of CAF were administered to animals [ 78 ]. Moreover, Paz-Graniel et al [ 79 ] revealed that there is a direct correlation between increased CAF consumption and amplified instances of anxiety in women, a relationship not mirrored in men. Those with panic disorders, for instance, are more susceptible to anxiety and panic attacks triggered by CAF [ 80 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Various Caffeine Doses on Cognitive Abilities in Female Athletes with Low Caffeine Consumption

Bougrine,

Ammar,

Salem

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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Caffeine (CAF), a prevalent psychoactive stimulant, is believed to potentially enhance cognitive ability. However, studies on the effects of various doses are limited and yield inconsistent results, particularly in female athletes. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between three different dosages of CAF intake (low, moderate, and high) and cognitive skills in female athletes with low CAF consumption. This study had a randomized, crossover, double-blind design in which each athlete performed four experimental sessions after ingesting either a placebo (PLAC), 3 mg·kg−1 of CAF (3 mg of CAF), 6 mg·kg−1 of CAF (6 mg of CAF), or 9 mg·kg−1 of CAF (9 mg of CAF) with an in-between washout period of at least 72 h. Following a 60 min window post-capsule consumption, fourteen female athletes (age: 17.4 ± 0.8 years) were assessed through various cognitive tests, namely, simple reaction time (SRT), choice reaction time (CRT), and attentional task (AT) tests, along with the mental rotation test (MRT). Additionally, they were required to complete a questionnaire about the undesirable side effects of CAF. Our results indicated that, compared to those of PLAC, the SRT, CRT, and AT performance were significantly improved following the administration of both 3 mg of CAF and 6 mg of CAF. While the greatest enhancement was observed after consuming 3 mg of CAF, no significant differences were found between the effects of 3 mg and 6 mg of CAF. Interestingly, MRT performance did not improve with any of the CAF dosages. Moreover, the ingestion of 9 mg of CAF did not enhance cognitive skills and was linked to the highest occurrence of CAF-related side effects. In conclusion, our results highlight the recommendation for a low CAF dosage of 3 mg·kg−1, in contrast to a higher dose of 6 mg·kg−1 or 9 mg·kg−1 of CAF, to enhance various aspects of cognitive performance in female athletes with low CAF consumption without adverse side effects.

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Caffeine Intake and Its Sex-Specific Association with General Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Analysis among General Population Adults

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine Consumption

Gender Differences in the Frequency of Positive and Negative Effects after Acute Caffeine Consumption

Does dietary intake of caffeine have an effect on transient global amnesia?

Effects of Various Caffeine Doses on Cognitive Abilities in Female Athletes with Low Caffeine Consumption

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