Caffeine's Effects on True and False Memory

Capek, Sarah; Guenther, R. Kim

doi:10.2466/pr0.104.3.787-795

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These parallel effects on true and false memory are broadly consistent with previous drug studies (Capek and Guenther 2009; Garfinkel et al 2006; Mintzer and Griffiths 2000, 2001a), and extend these patterns to a situation where both a memory-impairing and a memory-enhancing drug could be evaluated in a single experimental paradigm. Our studies had the further strength of assessing the drugs’ effects specifically on the memory encoding phase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…To our knowledge, the only drug with memory-enhancing properties to be tested in the DRM task is the stimulant drug caffeine. Capek and Guenther (2009) found that a dose of caffeine that enhanced memory for studied list words also increased false recall of critical lures. These effects are consistent with the idea that caffeine enhanced false memory activation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Psychoactive drugs and false memory: comparison of dextroamphetamine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on false recognition

2011

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RationaleSeveral psychoactive drugs are known to influence episodic memory. However, these drugs’ effects on false memory, or the tendency to incorrectly remember nonstudied information, remain poorly understood.ObjectivesHere, we examined the effects of two commonly used psychoactive drugs, one with memory-enhancing properties (dextroamphetamine; AMP), and another with memory-impairing properties (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; THC), on false memory using the Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) illusion.MethodsTwo parallel studies were conducted in which healthy volunteers received either AMP (0, 10, and 20 mg) or THC (0, 7.5, and 15 mg) in within-subjects, randomized, double-blind designs. Participants studied DRM word lists under the influence of the drugs, and their recognition memory for the studied words was tested 2 days later, under sober conditions.ResultsAs expected, AMP increased memory of studied words relative to placebo, and THC reduced memory of studied words. Although neither drug significantly affected false memory relative to placebo, AMP increased false memory relative to THC. Across participants, both drugs’ effects on true memory were positively correlated with their effects on false memory.ConclusionsOur results indicate that AMP and THC have opposing effects on true memory, and these effects appear to correspond to similar, albeit more subtle, effects on false memory. These findings are consistent with previous research using the DRM illusion and provide further evidence that psychoactive drugs can affect the encoding processes that ultimately result in the creation of false memories.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Psychoactive drugs and false memory: comparison of dextroamphetamine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on false recognition

2011

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“…Adk-tg mice were associated with severe performance deficits in the Morris water maze tests of spatial memory and Pavlovian conditioned freezing (Yee et al, 2007). The outcomes are therefore opposite to the pro-cognitive effects associated with AR blockade by caffeine (Yonkov, 1984; Cestari and Castellano, 1996; Kopf et al, 1999; Prediger and Takahashi, 2005; Prediger et al, 2005; Costa et al, 2008; Capek and Guenther, 2009, but also see Zimmerberg et al, 1991; Kant, 1993) and selective genetic inactivation of striatal A 2A Rs (Wei et al, 2011). Instead, they lend support to the hypothesis that physiological adenosine concentration is necessary for the homeostatic maintenance of neural network stability, including glutamatergic and dopaminergic networks, such that related behavioural outputs would be severely disturbed by the inhibition of adenosinergic neuromodulation (Yee et al, 2007; Boison et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Working memory and the homeostatic control of brain adenosine by adenosine kinase

Singer¹,

McGarrity²,

Shen³

et al. 2012

Neuroscience

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The neuromodulator adenosine maintains brain homeostasis and regulates complex behaviour via activation of inhibitory and excitatory adenosine receptors (ARs) in a brain region-specific manner. AR antagonists such as caffeine have been shown to ameliorate cognitive impairments in animal disease models but their effects on learning and memory in normal animals are equivocal. An alternative approach to reduce AR activation is to lower the extracellular tone of adenosine, which can be achieved by up-regulating adenosine kinase (ADK), the key enzyme of metabolic adenosine clearance. However, mice that globally over-express an Adk transgene (‘Adk-tg’ mice) were devoid of a caffeine-like pro-cognitive profile; they instead exhibited severe spatial memory deficits. This may be mechanistically linked to cortical/hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction because the motor response to acute MK-801 was also potentiated in Adk-tg mice. Here, we evaluated the extent to which the behavioural phenotypes of Adk-tg mice might be modifiable by up-regulating adenosine levels in the cortex/hippocampus. To this end, we investigated mutant ‘fb-Adk-def’ mice in which ADK expression was specifically reduced in the telencephalon leading to a selective increase in cortical/hippocampal adenosine, while the rest of the brain remained as adenosine-deficient as in Adk-tg mice. The fb-Adk-def mice showed an even greater impairment in spatial working memory and a more pronounced motor response to NMDAR blockade than Adk-tg mice. These outcomes suggest that maintenance of cortical/hippocampal adenosine homeostasis is essential for effective spatial memory and deviation in either direction is detrimental with increased expression seemingly more disruptive than decreased expression.

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“…Surprisingly few studies, however, have shown that caffeine actually improves memory performance (Capek and Guenther, 2009; Borota et al, 2014; for review see: Nehlig, 2010), and even fewer studies have considered how caffeine interacts with time of day (Ryan et al, 2002; Walters and Lesk, 2015). In a previous study, we considered whether caffeine could overcome the well-documented decrease in memory performance among older adults during the late afternoon, when most older adults experience their circadian low point (for review see: May et al, 1993; Intons-Peterson et al, 1998; Hasher et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Enhances Memory Performance in Young Adults during Their Non-optimal Time of Day

et al. 2016

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Many college students struggle to perform well on exams in the early morning. Although students drink caffeinated beverages to feel more awake, it is unclear whether these actually improve performance. After consuming coffee (caffeinated or decaffeinated), college-age adults completed implicit and explicit memory tasks in the early morning and late afternoon (Experiment 1). During the morning, participants ingesting caffeine demonstrated a striking improvement in explicit memory, but not implicit memory. Caffeine did not alter memory performance in the afternoon. In Experiment 2, participants engaged in cardiovascular exercise in order to examine whether increases in physiological arousal similarly improved memory. Despite clear increases in physiological arousal, exercise did not improve memory performance compared to a stretching control condition. These results suggest that caffeine has a specific benefit for memory during students’ non-optimal time of day – early morning. These findings have real-world implications for students taking morning exams.

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Caffeine's Effects on True and False Memory

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Psychoactive drugs and false memory: comparison of dextroamphetamine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on false recognition

Psychoactive drugs and false memory: comparison of dextroamphetamine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on false recognition

Working memory and the homeostatic control of brain adenosine by adenosine kinase

Caffeine Enhances Memory Performance in Young Adults during Their Non-optimal Time of Day

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