Caffeine Use among Active Duty US Army Soldiers

Lieberman, Harris R.; Stavinoha, Trisha; McGraw, Susan M.; White, Alan; Hadden, Louise; Marriott, Bernadette P.

doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.02.001

Cited by 66 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A few soldiers reported intakes of over 2000 mg. Daily caffeine intake was higher than reported previously for U.S. military personnel who were largely drawn from non-deployed Army, Navy, and Marine units and did not address the impact of military assignment and combat on caffeine consumption. 22,26 In the current study, average caffeine intake from energy drinks represented 70% of total daily intake for soldiers in combat units assessed by the J-MHAT 8 survey and 55% of total caffeine intake among combat arms personnel participating in the USARIEM Deployment Survey. Over 60% of the combat arms soldiers (USARIEM Deployment Survey) or soldiers in combat maneuver units (J-MHAT 8 survey) reported consuming these drinks.…”

Section: Nutritional Neuroscience 2018mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…[18][19][20] Caffeine is found in beverages such as coffee, tea, and energy drinks with the choice of the latter beverage more frequent in younger male military personnel and civilians. [21][22][23][24] Recent findings from surveys of non-deployed and deployed U.S. military members suggest that consumption of energy drinks increases during deployment. 24,25 Prevalence for consuming at least 1 energy drink per week is reported to vary from 28 to 38% for non-deployed military service members 23,26 but higher daily rates have been reported by Toblin et al 25 (45%) and Waits et al 24 (81%) during combat deployments in Afghanistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caffeine and energy drink use by combat arms soldiers in Afghanistan as a countermeasure for sleep loss and high operational demands

McLellan¹,

Riviere

Williams

et al. 2018

Nutritional Neuroscience

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Objectives: Combat deployments are characterized by high operational demands with limited opportunities for sleep leading to fatigue and degraded cognitive and operational performance. Caffeine in moderate doses is recognized as an effective intervention for physical and cognitive decrements associated with sleep loss. Methods: This report is based on data collected by two separate, independently conducted surveys administered in Afghanistan in 2011-2012. It assessed caffeine use and sleep disruption among U.S. Army combat soldiers (J-MHAT 8; n = 518) and among deployed soldiers with different military assignments (USARIEM Deployment Survey; n = 260). Results: Daily caffeine intake assessed in the J-MHAT 8 survey averaged 404 ± 18 mg. In the USARIEM Deployment Survey, intake was 303 ± 29 mg and was significantly higher among combat arms soldiers (483 ± 100 mg) compared to combat service support personnel (235 ± 23 mg). In both surveys, over 55% of total caffeine intake was from energy drinks. Additional sources of caffeine included coffee, tea, sodas, gum, candy, and over-the-counter medications. Higher caffeine intake was not associated with ability to fall asleep at night or wake-up in the morning (J-MHAT 8 survey). Higher caffeine consumption was associated with disrupted sleep from high operational tempo and nighttime duties of combat operations. Discussion: Overall caffeine consumption and energy drink use in Afghanistan was greater than among nondeployed soldiers and civilians. Caffeine was frequently used as a countermeasure during night operations to offset adverse effects of sleep loss on physical and cognitive function, consistent with current Department of the Army recommendations.

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Section: Nutritional Neuroscience 2018mentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine and energy drink use by combat arms soldiers in Afghanistan as a countermeasure for sleep loss and high operational demands

McLellan¹,

Riviere

Williams

et al. 2018

Nutritional Neuroscience

Self Cite

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“…The Typical Consumption Questionnaire asked participants to report their consumption of caffeinated beverages, including frequency and type of beverage (Lieberman et al 2012). Total caffeine consumption per day (mg/day) was calculated for each participant.…”

Section: Typical Consumption Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

Giles

Mahoney

Brunyé

et al. 2017

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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Tea is perceived as more relaxing than coffee, even though both contain caffeine. L-theanine in tea may account for the difference. Consumed together, caffeine and theanine exert similar cognitive effects to that of caffeine alone, but exert opposite effects on arousal, in that caffeine accentuates and theanine mitigates physiological and felt stress responses. We evaluated whether caffeine and theanine influenced cognition under emotional arousal. Using a double-blind, repeatedmeasures design, 36 participants received 4 treatments (200 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 200 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine) on separate days. Emotional arousal was induced by highly arousing negative film clips and pictures. Mood, salivary cortisol, and visual attention were evaluated. Caffeine accentuated global processing of visual attention on the hierarchical shape task (p < 0.05), theanine accentuated local processing (p < 0.05), and the combination did not differ from placebo. Caffeine reduced flanker conflict difference scores on the Attention Network Test (p < 0.05), theanine increased difference scores (p < 0.05), and the combination did not differ from placebo. Thus, under emotional arousal, caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on certain attentional processes, but when consumed together, they counteract the effects of each other.Key words: caffeine, theanine, arousal, attention, cortisol, emotion, cognition.Résumé : Le thé est perçu comme étant plus relaxant que le café, même si tous deux contiennent de la caféine. La L-théanine du thé pourrait être à l'origine de la différence entre les deux. Consommées ensemble, la caféine et la théanine exercent des effets similaires sur les facultés cognitives que la caféine seule, mais elles exercent des effets contraires sur l'éveil : effets d'accentuation de la caféine et effets mitigés de la théanine sur le plan des réactions au stress de natures physiologique et des sensations. Nous avons tenté de vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle la caféine et la théanine pourraient influencer les facultés cognitives en situation d'excitation émotionnelle. À l'aide d'un modèle à double insu avec mesures répétées sur des jours distincts, nous avons administré les traitements suivants chez 36 participants : caféine à 200 mg + théanine à 0 mg, caféine à 0 mg + théanine à 200 mg, caféine à 200 mg + théanine à 200 mg et caféine à 0 mg + théanine à 0 mg. Nous avons provoqué une excitation émotionnelle à l'aide d'images et de séquences filmées négatives. Nous avons évalué l'humeur, les taux de cortisol dans la salive et l'attention visuelle. La caféine entraînait une accentuation du traitement global par l'attention visuelle aux tâches de catégorisation de formes (« hierarchical shape task »; p < 0,05), la théanine entraînait une accentuation du traitement local (p < 0,05), et l'association des deux donnait les mêmes résultats que le placebo. La caféine entraînait une réduction des scores de différence des conflits en présenc...

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“…In North America and Europe, the primary source of caffeine is from coffee and tea. According to statistics, 90% of the adult population in America consumes caffeine [10][11]. In the world, 89% of people use coffee, tea, or both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Tea, Coffee and Nescafe Consumption among High School Students and its Relationship with Depression and Anxiety

Khademalhossini¹

2016

Social Crimonol

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Caffeine Use among Active Duty US Army Soldiers

Cited by 66 publications

References 32 publications

Caffeine and energy drink use by combat arms soldiers in Afghanistan as a countermeasure for sleep loss and high operational demands

Caffeine and energy drink use by combat arms soldiers in Afghanistan as a countermeasure for sleep loss and high operational demands

Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

Prevalence of Tea, Coffee and Nescafe Consumption among High School Students and its Relationship with Depression and Anxiety

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