Calcareous nannoplankton proxies for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Albian–Cenomanian succession in North-western Israel (Mount Carmel Region)

Abstract

We present data on the calcareous nannofossil distribution in the Albian-Cenomanian borehole CT8 obtained from the Carmel area, NW Israel. The nannofloral assemblage consists of 113 species, with Watznaueria spp. dominating the entire succession. The detailed calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of this section is established, and seven nannofossil (sub)zones are recognised. For the first time the age of the Tavasim Tuff (V 2) is biostratigraphically identified as Late Albian. The quantitative analysis of the calcareous nannofossils suggests warm, open marine or coastal, mainly oligotrophic conditions throughout the entire succession of borehole CT8, with evident fluctuations of temperatures and fertility and a general trend towards cooling in the uppermost part of the sequence (Middle-Late Cenomanian). Temperature and nutrient variations correspond to those in the western Tethys, thus suggesting at least a supra-regional extent of processes detected in the Carmel Region. The biostratigraphy shows no evidence of hiatuses in the studied section, but the absence of positive carbon isotope anomalies associated with the Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1d and Mid-Cenomanian Event elsewhere suggests that the OAE 1d is possibly missing in the studied section due to a hiatus around the Isfiye Fm. / Arqan Fm. boundary.

Major and trace element characterization of Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d (OAE 1d): Insight from the Umbria-Marche Basin, central Italy

“…6 and 7). A global warm climate during the OAE 1d is documented in a variety of settings (Bornemann et al, 2005;Retallack, 2009;Arens and Harris, 2015;Melinte-Dobrinescu et al, 2015;Bottini and Erba, 2018;Richey et al, 2018;Ovechkina et al, 2019). Retallack (2009), by analyzing paleosols and cuticles from the Cedar Mountain Fm.…”

The Paleoclimate Evolution of Central and Eastern Tethys in the Jurassic–Quaternary

“…1), R.R. Gabdullin took the published materials or original data of co-authors into account, which resulted from the following methods: (1) isotope paleotermometry of biogenic (organic clastic or planktonic) rock (1.1) or animal skeletons (1.2): marine invertebrates (mollusks, brachiopods, plankton foraminifers, ostracods, and nannofossils) or vertebrates (fishes, marine crocodiles, and marine turtles); temperature index of nannofossils (1.3) (Ovechkina et al, 2019) (no. 21 in Fig.…”

“…Bakatash, Dachnoe, Crimea); 14, SWT, isotope paleotermometry for biogenic rock (Mt. Taraktash, Dachnoe, Crimea); 15, WAT, isotope paleotermometry of marine vertebrates (fishes, crocodiles, turtles) from French and German sections (Western and Eastern Tethys) (Billon-Bruyat et al, 2014); 16, paleotemperatures (a-c, by content of Classopolis pollen: a, Southeast Caucasus; b, Crimea; c, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan; d, isotope paleotermometry for mollusks and brachiopods for basins of Central Asia after (Vakhrameev, 1978); 17, isotope paleotermometry for mollusks (cephalopods, bivalves, gastropods) and brachiopods (Western Transcaucasian, Central Tethys) (Yasamanov, 1973); 18, by shells of marine invertebrates: a, brachiopods from the lower zone of the Lower Aptian (Ridzewskyi-Turkmenicum, North Caucasus); b, bivalves from the intermediate zone of the Lower Aptian (Deshayesi) of West Georgia; c, bivalves from the lower zone of the Upper Aptian of Dagestan (Subnodosocostatum Zone); d, mollusks of Central Caucasus (Zakharov et al, 2016); 19, isotope paleotermometry (Krasnaya Gorka, Crimea, Upper and Lower Aptian; Partizanskoe, Crimea, Lower Aptian) after (Karpuk, 2016): a, ostracods; b, PF; 20, isotope paleotermometry by belemnite guards (a, Crimea after (Naydin et al, 1965); b, Caucasus, Central Tethys after (Ali-Zade and Aliev, 1975); 21, isotope paleotermometry, temperature index by nannofossils (Israel) (Ovechkina et al, 2019); 22, SST, center of Tethys after (Alsenz et al, 2003); 23, SWR, isotope paleotermometry for biogenic rock (Mt. Besh-Kosh, Starosel'e, Crimea); 24, SWT, isotope paleotermometry for biogenic rock (Mt.…”

“…Transcaucasian, Central Tethys) (Yasamanov, 1973); 18, by shells of marine invertebrates: a, brachiopods from the lower zone of the Lower Aptian of North Caucasus; b, bivalves from the intermediate zone of the Lower Aptian of West Georgia; c, bivalves from the lower zone of the Upper Aptian of Dagestan; d, mollusks of Central Caucasus (Zakharov et al, 2016); 19, isotope paleotermometry (Krasnaya Gorka, Crimea, Upper and Lower Aptian; Partizanskoe, Crimea, Lower Aptian) (Karpuk, 2016): a, ostracods; b, planktonic foraminifers (PF); and 20, belemnite guards (a, Crimea after (Naydin et al, 1965); b, Caucasus, Central Tethys after (Ali-Zade and Aliev, 1975). We also used the data on the temperature index of nannofossils (Israel) (Ovechkina, 2019) (no. 21, Fig.…”