Calcification of glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine xenograft.

Rose, Alan G.; Forman, Robert; Bowen, Robert M.

doi:10.1136/thx.33.1.111

Cited by 43 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Xenografts from large animals like cows [98] and pigs [99] are clinically viable only after they have been treated and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to reduce immunogenicity. However, at the expense of attenuated immunological response, GA treatment has been shown to compromise the mechanical properties of tissues and to induce cytotoxicity and calcification [68].…”

Section: Decellularized Vascular Scaffolds For Vascular Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering of arteries in vitro

Huang

Niklason

2014

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

107

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This review will focus on two elements that are essential for functional arterial regeneration in vitro: the mechanical environment and the bioreactors used for tissue growth. The importance of the mechanical environment to embryological development, vascular functionality, and vascular graft regeneration will be discussed. Bioreactors generate mechanical stimuli to simulate the biomechanical environment of the arterial system. This system has been used to reconstruct arterial grafts with appropriate mechanical strength for implantation by controlling the chemical and mechanical environments in which the grafts are grown. Bioreactors are powerful tools to study the effect of mechanical stimuli on extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture and the mechanical properties of engineered vessels. Hence biomimetic systems enable us to optimize chemo-biomechanical culture conditions to regenerate engineered vessels with physiological properties similar to those of native arterial vessels. In addition, this review will introduce and examine various approaches and techniques that have been used to engineer biologically-based vascular grafts, including collagen-based grafts, fibrin-gel grafts, cell sheet engineering, biodegradable polymers, and decellularization of native vessels.

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Section: Decellularized Vascular Scaffolds For Vascular Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering of arteries in vitro

Huang

Niklason

2014

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

107

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“…With highly structural and functional homology, porcine tissues and organs are used as replacements for human ones, which, to some extent, has eased the situation of a deficit of tissues and organs. Due to calcification and high immunogenicity, the clinical application of porcine material has been limited (14). A new method of reducing immunogenicity and elevating histocompatibility is required for porcine xenografts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of vacuum freeze-drying and radiation on allogeneic aorta grafts

Cao

Liu

et al. 2012

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Vacuum freeze-dried aorta is a satisfactory material for blood vessel grafting. Previous studies have focused on immunity, however, vacuum freeze-drying is a complicated process of heat and mass transfer, and adopting a programmed cooling process may more completely preserve the mechanical properties of the blood vessels. Irradiation, as a method of removing pathogens, lowers the antigenic activity of the blood vessels. In our study, vacuum freeze-drying combined with radiation was used as a treatment for porcine aorta prior to grafting, aimed at deactivating endogenous retrovirus, shielding masses of endothelial cells and lowering the immunogenicity of the blood vessels. As for the mechanical properties, compared with normal aorta, the maximum axial tensile stress (ATS) decreased by 20%, the maximum circumferential tensile stress (CTS) increased by 30% and the maximum puncture stress (PT) decreased by 20%. Our results revealed that 2 months after of grafting, the host cells had migrated into the graft tissue and propagated to initiate endothelialization, the inflammatory reaction was abated and the PT had returned to normal levels.

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“…Over the trial periods currently achieved there are few reports (Brown et al, 1978;Rose et al, 1978) of serious degradation of the valvar tissue and in particular the leaflets which sustain most of the repeated haemodynamic loading. General concern is, however, expressed in published reports that nothing is known about the long-term durability of the treated tissue.…”

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Influence of fixation conditions on the performance of glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valves: towards a more scientific basis.

Broom¹,

Thomson²

1979

Thorax

113

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To maintain optimum mechanical properties in glutaraldehyde-treated heart-valve tissue the full collagen crimp geometry originally present in the relaxed fresh tissue should be retained. By varying the pressure at which glutaraldehyde fixation is carried out, considerable alterations to this crimp geometry can be achieved. The mechanical stiffness of the preserved tissue is consequently affected, and this in turn has a striking influence on both the opening behaviour of the valve and the degree of strain localisation in the leaflet tissue.A pressure of 100 mmHg eliminated the collagen crimp geometry entirely, and this resulted in the formation of sites of local strain or kinks in the valve leaflets during opening. It is expected that this strain localisation phenomenon will influence the long-term fatigue durability of the treated tissue. Pressures even as low as 4 mmHg result in significant reductions of crimp geometry.Fresh valves should therefore be fixed under a positive head of pressure sufficient only to ensure that the leaflets seal along their coapting free margins. A pressure of less than 1 mmHg was sufficient to achieve this.Leaflets of the commercially available Hancock valve show features similar to valves fixed in glutaraldehyde at about 100 mmHg pressure.

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Calcification of glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine xenograft.

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Engineering of arteries in vitro

Engineering of arteries in vitro

The effect of vacuum freeze-drying and radiation on allogeneic aorta grafts

Influence of fixation conditions on the performance of glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valves: towards a more scientific basis.

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