Calcite precipitation instability under laminar, open-channel flow

Hammer, Øyvind; Dysthe, Dag Kristian; Lelu, B.; Lund, Halvor; Meakin, Paul; Jamtveit, Bjørn

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.028

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…At small scales with slow, laminar shallow water flow, we suggest that the Laplace instability effects suggested for ice by Ogawa & Furugawa (2002) and Ueno (2003) and confirmed in a travertine terrace setting by Hammer et al (2008) can initiate microterracing. When the ridge begins to affect bathymetry and hydrodynamics, advective effects come into play by dampening small-wavelength features (Ogawa & Furugawa 2002;Ueno 2003), by bringing ions to and from the calcite surface (Veysey & Goldenfeld 2008;Hammer et al 2008) and by compression of concentration gradients over the rim . At slightly larger scales and for faster flow, turbulence sets in and diffusionlimited precipitation becomes dependent on flow rate by thinning of the laminar boundary layer (Buhmann & Dreybrodt 1985).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…This effect refers to the lower fluid pressure associated with higher flow velocities. Hammer et al (2008) showed that even at a very high flow rate of 1 m/s, this effect would lead to only about 0.5% pressure drop at the water-air interface. The corresponding 0.5% decrease in dissolved gas concentration under equilibrium conditions, according to Henry's law, is unlikely to have a major effect on precipitation rates.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Precipitation Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this model primarily applies to turbulent flow, and can not explain pattern formation at the smallest scales under shallow, slow laminar flow. Hammer et al (2008) developed a detailed, mechanistic model of carbonate precipitation on an imposed obstruction in shallow 2D laminar flow, with the aim of understanding the localization of precipitation on terrace rims (Fig. 8).…”

Section: Mechanisms For Precipitation Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dramatic experimental increase of outgassing in local positions in the model had no effect on precipitation patterns. Hammer et al (2008) concluded that advection is of central importance, by bringing ions to and away from the calcite surface. This was also implied in the model of Goldenfeld et al (2006), which includes a term in the precipitation model for flow rate normal to the surface.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Precipitation Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Travertine terracing: patterns and mechanisms

Hammer

Dysthe

Jamtveit

2010

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Travertine terracing is one of the most eye-catching phenomena in limestone caves and around hydrothermal springs, but remains fairly poorly understood. The interactions between water chemistry, precipitation kinetics, topography, hydrodynamics, carbon dioxide degassing, biology, erosion and sedimentation constitute a complex, dynamic pattern formation process. The processes can be described and modeled at a range of abstraction levels. At the detailed level concerning the physical and chemical mechanisms responsible for precipitation localization at rims, a single explanation is probably insufficient. Instead, a multitude of effects are likely to contribute, of varying importance depending on scale, flux and other parameters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Mechanisms For Precipitation Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms For Precipitation Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms For Precipitation Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Travertine terracing: patterns and mechanisms

Hammer

Dysthe

Jamtveit

2010

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“…It varies from 5 to 25 cm. This heterogeneous calcite thickness throughout the drain highlights the potential drain inside forcing variables, such as the micro barrage due to the drain joints [7].…”

Section: Hydrology Context and Rainfall-flow Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling in railway infrastructural drainage devices: site study

Neng

Tassin

Calon

et al. 2016

Innov. Infrastruct. Solut.

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In France, about 450 km of high-speed lines (HSL) are potentially subject to drain scaling problem. A HSL site affected by calcite scaling was continuously monitored for 20 months to follow the phenomenon and also to estimate the monthly calcite precipitation rate. Drain water samples were also monthly analyzed and show high calcium and sulphate concentrations. The high sulphate concentration (*6 mM) highlights the dissolution of gypsum in the drain environment. Based on the material analysis (X-ray diffraction), gypsum is present in the subballast and capping layer. Since the drain system is a multi-environments system, and based on multi-phase reactions, the study is divided into two parts: a physical one (transport of water in the system) and a chemical one (transport of the reactants in the system). The physical processes have an essential impact on the chemical precipitation processes. In the present paper, on the basis of the collected data, the physical behaviour of the experimental site (water circulation) will be presented in the first step and used in the further chemical process study. The monthly calcite precipitation rate and quantities are given as well.

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Influence of biotic vs abiotic processes on the genesis of non‐marine carbonates along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Cameroon) and palaeofluid provenance

Bissé

Ekoko

Gerber

et al. 2021

The Depositional Record

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Continental spring carbonates are perfect examples of the interaction of biotic and abiotic processes, and they preserve evidence of the velocity of the flow and the chemical composition of the spring water. This study focuses on non-marine carbonates from fossil and active springs from the Bongongo and Ngol areas along the Cameroon Volcanic Line in South-West Cameroon. Here, hydrothermal fluids reach the surface giving rise to small thermal springs, with temperatures between 31 and 49°C, and streams creating waterfalls, terracettes and barrage carbonate deposits. Petrographic analyses of these carbonates revealed that they are made up of stacked laminae of fibrous coarse crystals of low-Mg calcite and laminae of alternate microsparite and micrite. The fibrous coarsely crystalline calcite, often with feather-like fabric, grows from thin layers of micrite and peloids. Filaments of putative microbial origin are preserved within this peloidal micrite. The laminated microsparite and micrite microfacies is characterised by an intricate mesh of hollow filaments of microbial origin. The long feather-like crystals of calcite formed in fast-flowing water where the enhanced CO 2 degassing has favoured the precipitation of CaCO 3 . The laminated micrite and microsparite, on the other hand, are probably formed in ponds where degassing and CO 2 removal was lower and the calcite precipitation was fostered by microbial activity. The fast-forming carbonates show higher Ce contents and very low total rare earth elements, revealing a preferential uptake of Ce with respect to other rare earth elements. This process would explain the positive or null Ce anomaly in continental spring carbonates elsewhere. The geochemical composition of these carbonates can be used as proxy for the characterisation of fluid/rock interactions between the groundwater and the substratum and for the characterisation of the sources of calcium and other elements that constitute tufa and travertines. The samples from Ngol are characterised by light rare earth element enrichment while those from Bongongo are overall enriched in heavy rare earth elements. Carbonates from both localities have a strong positive Eu anomaly (>4), suggesting a contribution | 103 BISSE Et al.

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Calcite precipitation instability under laminar, open-channel flow

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Travertine terracing: patterns and mechanisms

Travertine terracing: patterns and mechanisms

Scaling in railway infrastructural drainage devices: site study

Influence of biotic vs abiotic processes on the genesis of non‐marine carbonates along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Cameroon) and palaeofluid provenance

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