Calcium alginate gel: A biocompatible and mechanically stable polymer for endovascular embolization

Abstract

The development and optimization of calcium alginate for potential use in endovascular occlusion was investigated by testing its in vitro and in vivo mechanical stability and biocompatibility. The compressive resistance, rheology, and polymer yield of reacted alginate, and the polymer viscosity of unreacted alginate, were assessed. Biocompatibility was tested by injecting calcium alginate into the kidney capsule of rats. The reactivity of alginates with various structures and levels of purity were compared visually and histologically. Results suggest that calcium alginate is a biocompatible and mechanically stable gel for endovascular applications. Purified alginates exhibited compressive strength of 22 kPa and above at 40% compression, with no significant loss in elasticity. Purified alginate strength was significantly higher than that of crude alginates (p < 0.08). Purified alginates also exhibited significantly lower tissue reaction than crude alginates (p < 0.05). Of the alginates tested, purified high guluronic acid alginates (PHG) exhibited optimal strength and polymer yield, increased biocompatibility, and decreased viscosity. Clinical embolization treatments may be improved with the development of stable and biocompatible polymers such as calcium alginate. Possible uses of improved endovascular polymers include treating arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), aneurysms, blood flow to tumors, and vascular hemorrhaging.

Naturally derived biomaterials for development of composite bone scaffold: A review

“…Alginate is highly hydrophilic, biocompatible, relatively economical and biodegradable under normal physiological conditions [46]. Owing to its unique physiological properties, composite scaffolds have been found successful with alginate combined with different other biomaterials like HAp [47], chitosan [48], collagen [49] and silk fibroin [50] for bone regeneration.…”

Mikroenkapsüle edilen paratiroid hücrelerinin in-vitro optimizasyonu

“…Bunlar arasından aljinat; kahverengi algden elde edilen doğal anyonik ve biyouyumlu bir polimerdir. Ham haldeki aljinat saflaştırıldıkça mekanik anlamda stabil yapı kazanmasının yanında berraklığı ve en önemlisi biyouyumlu polimer özellikleri artış gösterir 7 . Alginat; kalsiyum, baryum, stronsiyum gibi divalent katyonlar varlığında, polimer yapısı içerisinde bulunan glukronik asit bloklarının iç zincirleri arasında iyonik bağ oluşturması ile kapsüle hale gelirler.…”

Electrosprayed Microparticles with Loaded pDNA-Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles to Promote the Regeneration of Mature Blood Vessels

“…The rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium at a dosage of 30 mg/kg. Electrosprayed microparticles were dispersed into alginate solution, which was subcutaneously infused along with CaCl 2 solution using a duel-lumen catheter to form a gel (24). pDNAloaded electrosprayed microparticles Pv, Pb and Pv + b were tested, using empty microparticles P 0 , and particle mixtures P 0 + v, P 0 + b and P 0 + v-b as control.…”