No abstract

Fresh tissue PA with short-term immunosuppression appears to be a promising technique that is easy to perform, is cost-effective, has low risk of side effects and minimal complications with compatibility for HLA conditions. A longer follow-up period and more case studies are needed to determine the risks and benefits of this procedure for future cases.

Permanent hypoparathyroidism is a severe clinical condition accompanied by low parathyroid hormone level. Conventional treatment requires lifelong medication, and daily drug usage has some side effects. To avoid this circumstance, transplantation is an alternative and curative option. Microencapsulation may be used as a transplantation approach particularly to evade immune response. In order to define treatment of permanent hypoparathyroidism, a 37‐year‐old female recipient who has permanent hypoparathyroidism was evaluated for 3 years. Routine tests, viral markers, and T and B lymphocyte cross‐match tests were analyzed. In addition intradermal skin test was performed for ultrapure alginate. Microencapsulation of cultured parathyroid cells was performed with ultrapure alginate. Cell suspension was prepared and spheroids were generated with calcium chloride. Afterward, transplantation was performed with a laparoscopic approach in the omental tissue. The recipient was discharged from the hospital without complications. Serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and phosphorus levels were observed throughout 1 year. During the follow‐up period, no complications were observed. Serum calcium levels were increased significantly on day 10 and PTH levels were increased on day 25 as well. According to our knowledge, this is the first study where ultrapure alginate‐based microencapsulated parathyroid cells were transplanted in the omental tissue. A significant increment of PTH levels was detected. Microencapsulated parathyroid cells showed the functionality of this technique for more than 1 year. This study showed that using ultrapure alginate‐based microencapsulation without immunosuppression appears to be a promising technique.

Graphical abstractHighlights  Protoporphyrin IX loaded Magnetoliposomes were produced small enough for intravenous application. Protoporphyrin IX loaded Magnetoliposomes indicated its efficacy in nano-molar concentration for the in vitro photodynamic therapy application.  White LED light source provides sufficient energy to stimulate protoporphyrin molecules in cell culture. AbstractBackground: Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is a well-known photosensitizer that has great potential

CD95 (Fas) is a complex integral protein that can be expressed in many cells. It induces apoptosis when interacted with its ligand CD95L (FasL). However, cancer cells are resistant to CD95-induced apoptosis because of the changes in death domain (DD) of CD95 (procaspase-8 and c-Flip). In this study, magnetic nanoparticles and lipid-based gene transfection methods were performed to provide active Fas expression in breast cancer cells. Plasmid DNA (pDNA), which can express both human Fas and GFP, was transfected to MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Expression of c-FLIP and caspase-8 and effect of monoclonal antibody FasL for apoptosis stimulation were investigated. Also transfection success of methods and effects on surface protein were compared. Western blot results indicated that MCF-7 cells do not express caspase-8 but express large amount of c-FLIP. Both lipid-based and magnetic nanoparticle-mediated gene transfection methods successfully applied. Caspase-8 apoptosis pathway was activated on transfected cells. Magnetic nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer is a successful non-viral method for transfection, and it does not affect the expression of other cell proteins, such as beta actin and lamin-B1. The raised c-FLIP concentration in cytosol inhibits apoptosis. However, transfection of CD95-GFP-tagged pDNA significantly increases apoptosis by activating caspase-8 pathway. FasL interaction indicated a slight increase of apoptosis in the transfected cells. The method and pDNA applied in this study have potentials to be used in gene therapy for breast cancer.