Calcium and magnesium status is not impaired in pregnant women

Rocha, Vivianne S.; Lavanda, Ivana; Nakano, Eduardo Yoshio; Ruano, Rodrigo; Zugaib, Marcelo; Colli, Célia

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2012.05.010

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Studies in India, Nigeria and Iran identified hypomagnesemia in pregnancy, at respective rates of 43.6, 16.2 and 13% [20,35,36]. Among 52 healthy pregnant women living in São Paulo, Brazil, despite having serum and red cell magnesium concentrations within normal limits, dietary intake was inadequate, and 39% had low urinary magnesium excretion [37]. An association between low maternal serum magnesium levels and preterm labour has been described previously [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

BRAzil magnesium (BRAMAG) trial: a double-masked randomized clinical trial of oral magnesium supplementation in pregnancy

Araújo

Ray

Figueirôa

et al. 2020

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background: There is conflicting evidence about the role of oral magnesium supplementation in the prevention of preterm birth and related adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare magnesium citrate with placebo in the prevention of adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes among women at higher risk. Methods: This multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled randomized superiority clinical trial compared oral magnesium citrate 300 mg to matched placebo, from 12 to 20 weeks' gestation until delivery. This trial was completed in three centers in northeastern Brazil. Eligible women were those with a singleton pregnancy and ≥ 1 risk factor, such as prior preterm birth or preeclampsia, or current chronic hypertension or pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus, age > 35 years or elevated body mass index. The primary perinatal composite outcome comprised preterm birth < 37 weeks' gestation, stillbirth > 20 weeks, neonatal death or NICU admission < 28 days after birth, or small for gestational age birthweight < 3rd percentile. The co-primary maternal composite outcome comprised preeclampsia or eclampsia < 37 weeks, severe gestational hypertension < 37 weeks, placental abruption, or maternal stroke or death during pregnancy or ≤ 7 days after delivery. Results: Analyses comprised 407 women who received magnesium citrate and 422 who received placebo. The perinatal composite outcome occurred among 75 (18.4%) in the magnesium arm and 76 (18.0%) in the placebo groupan adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.10 (95% CI 0.72-1.68). The maternal composite outcome occurred among 49 (12.0%) women in the magnesium arm and 41 women (9.7%) in the placebo groupan aOR of 1.29 (95% CI 0.83-2.00). Conclusions: Oral magnesium citrate supplementation did not appear to reduce adverse perinatal or maternal outcomes in high-risk singleton pregnancies. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02032186, registered January 9, 2014.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

BRAzil magnesium (BRAMAG) trial: a double-masked randomized clinical trial of oral magnesium supplementation in pregnancy

Araújo

Ray

Figueirôa

et al. 2020

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…Mg ++ intoxication causes a reduction in serum calcium concentration, leading to rapid decline in maternal serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration – that is, hypocalcaemia may be partly due to the suppressive effects of acute hypermagnesaemia on PTH secretion [41]. Intravenous Mg ++ sulphate crosses the placental barrier, which may neuroprotective effect the very preterm fetus, including a reduction in the risk of cerebral palsy, without increasing the risk of perinatal death [40,42].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BRAzil MAGnesium (BRAMAG) trial: a randomized clinical trial of oral magnesium supplementation in pregnancy for the prevention of preterm birth and perinatal and maternal morbidity

Alves

Araújo

Pontes

et al. 2014

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundPreterm birth is the leading cause of infant mortality globally, including Brazil. We will evaluate whether oral magnesium citrate reduces the risk of placental dysfunction and its negative consequences for both the fetus and mother, which, in turn, should reduce the need for indicated preterm delivery.Methods/DesignWe will complete a multicenter, randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing oral magnesium citrate 150 mg twice daily (n = 2000 women) to matched placebo (n = 1000 women), starting at 121/7 to 206/7 weeks gestation and continued until delivery. We will include women at higher risk for placental dysfunction, based on clinical factors from a prior pregnancy (e.g., prior preterm delivery, stillbirth or preeclampsia) or the current pregnancy (e.g., chronic hypertension, pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus, maternal age > 35 years or pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index > 30 kg/m2). The primary perinatal outcome is a composite of preterm birth < 37 weeks gestation, stillbirth > 20 weeks gestation, neonatal death < 28 days, or SGA birthweight < 3rd percentile. The primary composite maternal outcome is preeclampsia arising < 37 weeks gestation, severe non-proteinuric hypertension arising < 37 weeks gestation, placental abruption, maternal stroke during pregnancy or ≤ 7 days after delivery, or maternal death during pregnancy or ≤ 7 days after delivery.DiscussionThe results of this randomized clinical trial may be especially relevant in low and middle income countries that have high rates of prematurity and limited resources for acute newborn and maternal care.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02032186, registered December 19, 2013.

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“…Rocha et al [40], in the cross-sectional study with 50 pregnant women at a public university hospital in Brazil, evaluated the dietary intake and status of Mg and calcium (Ca). The results showed that despite the high probability of dietary inadequacy of Ca and Mg (58 and 98%, respectively), erythrocyte, and plasma levels of two minerals were adequate due to a strong reduction in their urinary excretion.…”

Section: Biomarkers For Assessment Of Mg Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mg status in inflammation, insulin resistance, and associated conditions

Romero

Lima

Colli

2017

Nutrire

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Magnesium (Mg), an essential ion for the human body, is involved in various enzymatic reactions, particularly those related to energy transfer, storage, and transport. Longitudinal studies show that hypomagnesaemia (Mg serum concentration <0.75 mmol/L) and Mg dietary inadequacy (daily intake < EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) for age/gender) are conditions related to metabolic disorders of the immune and cardiovascular system and often occur in obese and diabetic individuals. Poor eating habits, reduced Mg content in food and water are the main causes of the decrease in Mg intake by the general population. In clinical practice, the serum concentration of this mineral is the most widely used marker for diagnosing deficiency. However, the serum concentration does not reflect the nutritional Mg status since it can be maintained by mobilization of body storage, mainly the bone. Thus, the use of serum concentration as the only routine biomarker of Mg status may hinder the diagnosis of Mg deficiency. In clinical and experimental research, different methods for Mg status assessment are proposed (plasma, erythrocyte, urine), but they are seldom used in clinical routine. In some countries (such as USA and Brazil) the average daily Mg dietary ingestion of more than 60% of the adult population is lower than the Estimated Average Requirement for age and gender, and these data are not too different for individuals with chronic non-communicable diseases. It is unclear whether it is an actual reduction of Mg consumption or if the recommendations are overestimated. If we assume that the recommendations are correct, the question is if this condition constitutes a risk factor for chronic diseases or the hypomagnesemia described in some diseases is a consequence of physiopathological changes. This review has the latest information of human and animal studies about Mg status evaluated from plasma, erythrocyte and urine, dietary inadequacy, and its relation to inflammation and to components of metabolic syndrome.

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Calcium and magnesium status is not impaired in pregnant women

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

BRAzil magnesium (BRAMAG) trial: a double-masked randomized clinical trial of oral magnesium supplementation in pregnancy

BRAzil magnesium (BRAMAG) trial: a double-masked randomized clinical trial of oral magnesium supplementation in pregnancy

The BRAzil MAGnesium (BRAMAG) trial: a randomized clinical trial of oral magnesium supplementation in pregnancy for the prevention of preterm birth and perinatal and maternal morbidity

Mg status in inflammation, insulin resistance, and associated conditions

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