Calcium and the Prevention of Colon Cancer

Welberg, Jwm; Kleibeuker, JH; Vandermeer, R; Mulder, Nh; Devries, Ege

doi:10.3109/00365529109111230

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It also has been suggested that vitamin D may have an important role in determining the effects of calcium on colorectal epithelial proliferation 2. Epidemiological studies, although mixed in their assessment of the associations between calcium and vitamin D and colorectal cancer, provide support for high intakes of calcium and vitamin D being inversely related to colorectal cancer 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. The protective effects of calcium have been strengthened by observations from clinical trials showing significant reduction in adenoma recurrence with calcium supplementation 9, 10.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary calcium, vitamin D, VDR genotypes and colorectal cancer

Slattery

Neuhausen

Hoffman

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

144

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The vitamin D receptor (VDR) may importantly modulate risk of colorectal cancer either independently or in conjunction with calcium and vitamin D intake. We evaluate the association between calcium, vitamin D, dairy products, and VDR polymorphisms in 2 case-control studies of colon and rectal cancer (n ‫؍‬ 2,306 cases and 2,749 controls). Dietary intake was evaluated using a detailed diet history questionnaire. Two VDR polymorphisms were evaluated: an intron 8 Bsm 1 polymorphism and a 3 untranslated region poly-A length polymorphism (designated S for short and L for long Uncontrolled cell growth is central to the carcinogenic process. Factors that regulate and control cell growth and proliferation may be important to the etiology of cancer. In the intestine, the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25 (OH) 2 D3 is involved in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. 1 It also has been suggested that vitamin D may have an important role in determining the effects of calcium on colorectal epithelial proliferation. 2 Epidemiological studies, although mixed in their assessment of the associations between calcium and vitamin D and colorectal cancer, provide support for high intakes of calcium and vitamin D being inversely related to colorectal cancer. [3][4][5][6][7][8] The protective effects of calcium have been strengthened by observations from clinical trials showing significant reduction in adenoma recurrence with calcium supplementation. 9,10 These studies further suggest that these associations may be stronger for distal rather than proximal colon tumors and may vary by age at diagnosis. 7,11,12 The vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear hormone receptor, is essential for vitamin D action and calcium homeostasis. Several polymorphisms of the VDR gene have been identified, including 2 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in intron 8 (Bsm I and Apa I) and one in exon 9 (Taq I). These are in linkage disequilibrium with each other and with several 3Ј untranslated region (3Ј UTR) polymorphisms, including a poly A repeat. 13,14 The presence of the B, A, and t RFLP alleles (capital letters denote absence of restriction site; small letters presence of restriction site for Bsm I, Apa I, and Taq I RFLPs, respectively) and the relatively short poly-A alleles are highly correlated. These alleles, either alone or in combination, have been associated with increased mRNA expression of the VDR gene, increased serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, and increased levels of osteocalcin. [15][16][17] The RFLP polymorphisms are most likely not of functional consequence, and the reported associations are probably due to linkage disequilibrium with some 3ЈUTR element, which may or may not be the poly-A repeat. 18 The B and short poly-A alleles have been reported to be protective against the development of colonic adenomas and prostate cancer, respectively. 18 -21 At the start site of the gene, a polymorphism detected with a Fok I digest also has been studied and has been shown to not be in linkage disequilibrium wit...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary calcium, vitamin D, VDR genotypes and colorectal cancer

Slattery

Neuhausen

Hoffman

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

144

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“…A randomized, double-blind trial performed on people with a history of colorectal adenomas, receiving either 1,200 mg/d elemental calcium or placebo, revealed a significant reduction in the risk of recurrent colorectal adenomas with calcium supplementation 46. The explanation behind those findings is the ability of calcium to combine with bile acids in the intestines, reducing the rectal epithelial proliferation rate 47. Most of the risk reduction benefit was achieved by calcium intake of at least 900 mg/day.…”

Section: Potential Beneficial Effects Of Calcium Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The good, the bad, and the ugly of calcium supplementation: a review of calcium intake on human health

Wang

et al. 2018

CIA

129

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Calcium is an important integrative component of the human body and critical for human health. It has been well established that calcium intake is helpful in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which has become one of the most serious public health problems across the world. However, community-dwelling adults with and without osteoporosis are rarely concerned or even not aware of the potential side effects of high or inappropriate doses of calcium intake. Some recent studies have revealed that excessive calcium intake might increase the risks of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this article was to review the health benefits, costs, and consequences of calcium supplementation on osteoporosis/osteoporotic fractures, cardiovascular events, kidney stones, gastrointestinal diseases, and other important diseases. In the end, we suggest that calcium supplementation should be prescribed and taken cautiously, accounting for individual patients’ risks and benefits. Clearly, further studies are needed to examine the health effects of calcium supplementation to make any solid recommendations for people of different genders, ages, and ethnicities.

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“…Calcium carbonate is more often associated with gastrointestinal side effects, including constipation, flatulence, and bloating [18]. The explanation behind those findings is the ability of calcium to combine with bile acids in the intestines, reducing the rectal epithelial proliferation rate [19].…”

Section: F Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vascular risk factors are related to vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease [27]. Calcium supplementation might have direct toxic effects on vulnerable neurons, because the increased calcium levels may amplify ischemic cell death and worsen the outcome after cerebrovascular events [19]. calcium influx and intracellular calcium overload have a crucial role in apoptosis and necrosis [28].…”

Section: Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Supplementation: A Review of Oral Calcium Intake on Human Health

Sarla¹

2019

OAJOM

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Adequate calcium intake is essential for the maintenance of bone health and the preservation of bone mineral density. The lay person believes that calcium is always good for health. Successful marketing and various clinical practice guidelines have made prescribing calcium supplements a billion dollar market in recent years. The aim of this study was to scan the literature and find out whether calcium supplements should be prescribed to all patients with fractures so as to improve their bone healing or should it be restricted to elderly post-menopausal females who have osteoporotic bones. The inference drawn was that dietary calcium is easier to absorb and may have beneficial effects as compared to calcium supplements and it should be limited to the total daily intake to 1000-1200 mg optimally from dietary sources. Calcium supplementation does not significantly reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women but it reduces the risk of osteoporosis. It increases the risk of urolithiasis. A favourable role of calcium has been seen in postmenopausal women, elderly population, children and adolescents. Calcium is a double-edged sword, which may be both potentially crucial and perilous and hence should be prescribed with caution.

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Calcium and the Prevention of Colon Cancer

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Dietary calcium, vitamin D, VDR genotypes and colorectal cancer

Dietary calcium, vitamin D, VDR genotypes and colorectal cancer

The good, the bad, and the ugly of calcium supplementation: a review of calcium intake on human health

Calcium Supplementation: A Review of Oral Calcium Intake on Human Health

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