Calcium Bioavailability from Calcium Fortified Food Products.

Abstract

SummaryThe calcium balance of 12 presumed healthy human young adult subjects was assessed. Subjects consumed a constant laboratory controlled diet supplemented with one of four calcium-fortified food products: orange juice (OJ), milk (M), experimental pasteurized proc essed cheese (T), soda (S), or a calcium carbonate plus vitamin D tablet (CC). Study length was 6 weeks with seven-day experimental periods (2 days allowed for adjustment with 5-days combined for purposes of analysis). All urine and fecal samples were collected by the subjects for the duration of the study. Blood samples were drawn at the end of each experimental period. Urine and fecal calcium contents were determined. Blood samples were analyzed for alkaline phosphatase. Results of this study indicate a higher fecal calcium content (mg/day) when subjects consumed CC and T, and when subjects consumed self-selected diets, than when given S, M, or OJ. Urinary calcium excretion was significantly lower when subjects consumed OJ than when they consumed M, T, or their self-selected diets. A significantly larger positive calcium balance was demonstrated when subjects consumed OJ as compared to T. Fecal transmit time did not vary significantly. Serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower when subjects consumed T than when they consumed self-selected diets.

Acute and Chronic Effects of Honey and Its Carbohydrate Constituents on Calcium Absorption in Rats

“…However, studies investigating food matrix effects on mineral absorption have shown mixed results. Several controlled human feeding studies indicated no significant differences in the fractional absorption of total calcium among milk-fortified foods and calcium salts – . Soy milk fortified with tricalcium phosphate reduced calcium absorption compared to milk , whereas a marginal increase in calcium absorption was observed when cow’s milk was fortified with a milk-derived calcium salt .…”

Absorption of Calcium Fumarate Salts Is Equivalent to Other Calcium Salts When Measured in the Rat Model

“…The bioavailability of calcium from calcium salts appears to be influenced by gastric acid secretion and by simultaneous ingestion of food (12), rather than primarily by its solubility (4). Acid dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract may be responsible for the similar absorption of calcium from salts with widely different water solubilities (10).…”

Fortification of Milk with Calcium: Effect on Calcium Bioavailability and Interactions with Iron and Zinc

“…To our knowledge, the uptake and transport by Caco-2 cells of calcium contained in cow milk and fortified cow milk have not been investigated to date. The few studies on the bioavailability of calcium from cow milk (5)(6)(7)(14)(15)(16), together with the lack of in vitro studies designed to estimate the effect of milk fortification with calcium, have led to the present study, which evaluates the effect on calcium, iron, and zinc bioavailability of fortification of milk with calcium. Different in vitro methods (solubility, dialysability, and uptake and transport by Caco-2 cells) are used to this effect in order to compare the results obtained which each one of them.…”

“…This is one of the reasons why the food industry has developed calcium-fortified foods of use in securing adequate calcium intake ( , ). In clinical studies carried out in humans, the efficacy of dietary calcium fortification has been demonstrated by an improvement in calcium balance when the mineral intake increases ( , ).…”