Calcium chloride doped zinc-cobalt metal-cyanide complex: Unexpected highly activity towards ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide

Huang, Yi Jun; Zhang, Xing Hong; Hua, Zheng Jiang; Qi, Guilin

doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2010.02.009

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Detailed analysis of the DMC structure is difficult, which is due to its insoluble character and the strong dependence of the crystal structure on the preparation procedure. ,, Since 1966, intense research efforts were performed to increase the catalytic efficiency of the DMC catalyst with the focus on cost-efficient and eco-friendly systems for industrial applications. ,,− In particular, novel complexing agents/cocomplexing agents, ,,, numerous additives, ,,, and various metal centers ,,− were investigated to increase the performance of the DMC. To date, catalyst concentrations of as little as 15–50 ppm are sufficient to obtain suitable polyols within short reaction times, and the catalyst can remain in the polymers. , Consequently, no additional purification (filtration of salts) is necessary and the overall production steps are reduced.…”

Section: Polymerization Of Alkylene Oxides: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…180,183,184 Since 1966, intense research efforts were performed to increase the catalytic efficiency of the DMC catalyst with the focus on cost-efficient and eco-friendly 185 systems for industrial applications. 174,181,186−189 In particular, novel complexing agents/ cocomplexing agents, 1 7 4 , 1 8 8 , 1 9 0 , 1 9 1 numerous additives, 181,186,187,189 and various metal centers 172,184,192−195 were investigated to increase the performance of the DMC. To date, catalyst concentrations of as little as 15−50 ppm are sufficient to obtain suitable polyols within short reaction times, and the catalyst can remain in the polymers.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Catalysis−double Metal Cyanide Catalysts For E...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Other Alkylene Oxides: Synthesis, Novel Polymer Architectures, and Bioconjugation

et al. 2015

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The review summarizes current trends and developments in the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the last two decades since 1995, with a particular focus on the most important epoxide monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and butylene oxide (BO). Classical synthetic pathways, i.e., anionic polymerization, coordination polymerization, and cationic polymerization of epoxides (oxiranes), are briefly reviewed. The main focus of the review lies on more recent and in some cases metal-free methods for epoxide polymerization, i.e., the activated monomer strategy, the use of organocatalysts, such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as well as phosphazene bases. In addition, the commercially relevant double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst systems are discussed. Besides the synthetic progress, new types of multifunctional linear PEG (mf-PEG) and PPO structures accessible by copolymerization of EO or PO with functional epoxide comonomers are presented as well as complex branched, hyperbranched, and dendrimer like polyethers. Amphiphilic block copolymers based on PEO and PPO (Poloxamers and Pluronics) and advances in the area of PEGylation as the most important bioconjugation strategy are also summarized. With the ever growing toolbox for epoxide polymerization, a "polyether universe" may be envisaged that in its structural diversity parallels the immense variety of structural options available for polymers based on vinyl monomers with a purely carbon-based backbone.

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