Calcium Hydroxide in Endodontics: An Overview

Ba-Hattab, Raidan; Al-Jamie, Manar; Aldreib, Haya; Alessa, Lujain; Alonazi, Mohammad

doi:10.4236/ojst.2016.612033

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…According to Ba-Hattab et al ,[ 15 ] The hydroxyl ions release in an aqueous environment is necessary for antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide. Hydroxyl ions react intensively with biomolecules because of their free radicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion of calcium hydroxide through dentinal tubules of retreated root canals: An in vitro study

et al. 2018

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Objective:Studies about the dispersion of hydroxyl ions through dentin of endodontically retreated teeth are scarce. The present study aims at examining the diffusion of calcium hydroxide in vitro by recording the pH changes of retreated root canal using two types of calcium hydroxide preparations.Materials and Methods:A total of 45 recently extracted single-rooted mandibular first premolars were collected and cleaned from calculus and remains of periodontal tissue. The teeth so collected were stored in thymol 10% solution till use. During collection, teeth with cracks, open apices, and restorations were excluded. Root canal preparations were performed using Protaper rotary system files, till #F3 file. All canals were obturated using cold lateral condensation and zinc oxide-based sealer. After 7 days, all gutta-percha were removed and the canals were irrigated with normal saline. The teeth were then randomly distributed into three groups. Canals in Group I were kept empty without any dressing to serve as a negative control group, Canals in Group II were filled with a freshly prepared mixture of calcium hydroxide powder with normal saline solution, and Group III was filled with Metapex. Periodically, the calcium hydroxide material was removed and the pH was measured using pH meter at 7, 10, 14, and 30 days.Results:The pH values of Group II and III ranged between 9.2 and 11.2. This was found to be highly significant against the negative control group. After 7 and 10 days, freshly mixed Ca(OH)2 showed the higher pH than the creamy Metapex, and statistically the difference was highly significant after 10 days (P<0.001). After 14 days, Metapex group pH was higher than freshly mixed Ca(OH)2, but it was not statistically significant as they reached nearly the same pH after 30 days (P>0.05).Conclusion:All Ca(OH)2 preparations had high pH around the roots after 7 and 10 days. Metapex continued to have higher pH after 14 days.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion of calcium hydroxide through dentinal tubules of retreated root canals: An in vitro study

et al. 2018

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“…Since its use in dentistry in 1921, calcium hydroxide has been considered the gold standard for direct pulp capping (36) . calcium hydroxide promotes hard bridge formation slowly, dissolves rapidly after marginal leakage and may dissolve during acid etching before the resin filling, and it does not chemically associate with the tooth or with the restored resin (37) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of hard tissue occurs at the contact area of necrotic tissue and inflamed tissue (39) . Under the necrosis layer, the pulpal stem cells differentiate into the odontoblast like cells, as a tissue reaction, and the dentin bridge matrix is placed (37) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone - loaded polymeric porous sponge as a hard tissue regeneration agent

Alagha¹

2020

Preprint

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Background : The aim of this study is to achieve the principles of tissue engineering using biopolymers to be applied in the field of vital endodontic treatment with the aim of stimulating stem cells and engineering and regeneration of dentin tissue. the blend was loaded with the steroidal antiinflammatory drug, dexamethasone, and the porous drug-loaded bio-sponge was produced by lyophilization. Bio-sponge, as a direct pulp capping agent, was histologically studied compared to calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 in an animal experiment.Results: The results indicated the effectiveness of the bio-sponge as a direct pulp agent, where the dentin bridge was formed faster than Ca(OH)2 treated samples,. There was no inflammatory response in the pulp tissue throughout the follow-up period.Conclusions : The porous bio-sponge loaded with dexamethasone with a neutral pH resulted in enhancement the odontoblast differentiation from stem cells, resulted in the formation of a renewed dentin bridge without the slightest inflammatory response in the pulp. aminoglycan GAG (13) . ECM is responsible for cellular metabolism and the forming of new tissues since it gives the mechanical and biochemical properties for the formed tissue (14) . ECM plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of the differentiated phenotype and in supporting both migration and proliferation of fibroblast cells (15) .Chitin, the most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose, is synthesized by an enormous number of living organisms, presents in the exoskeleton of crustaceans, insects and fungal cell walls (16) . Chitin consists of a saccharide backbone with β-1,4-linked glucosamine units and characterized by a high availability of acetyl group (17) . Chitin has a cellulose-like structure with the difference of hydroxyl-group replacement by (-NHCOCH 3 ) at the C 2 site (18) . Chitosan is the main derivative of chitin and derived by alkaline deacetylation of chitin (19) . The availability of functional groups allows chemical modifications, making it possible to load and release drugs from chitosan (20) .Chitosan scaffolds with an interconnected porous structure have been shown to be easily manufactured by lyophilization of chitosan solution (21) , and have been widely studied in the bone tissue engineering, and it has been shown that it promotes osteoblast cells growth and deposition of the mineralized matrix by cells (22) . The addition of chitosan molecules to the human bone marrow transplantation medium stimulates bone deposition by promoting cell differentiation (23) . It has been suggested that chitosan enhanced bone formation in vivo through indirect mechanisms (23) , and it can be used as a standard GAG in tissue regeneration processes (24) .Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and it is the major component in body tissues, it forms also about 30% of total proteins in mammals (25) . About 28 types of collagen have been identified (26) , among which, the type-I collagen is the prevalent type and it is the main component of the ECM (27) ....

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“…Calcium hydroxide has a wide range of antibacterial activities against oral pathogens [22]. The antimicrobial activities of calcium hydroxide are damaging to the bacterial membrane, protein denaturation, and damaging to the DNA [23]. Javidi et al reported that calcium hydroxide was able to reduce intraluminal and intratubular pathogens significantly in treated tooth [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chewing Marshmallow Containing Betel Chew in Reducing Streptococcus Mutans and Plaque Index on Children

Pambayun

PUTRI

YUDA

et al. 2019

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Marshmallow is a soft candy loved by all levels of society, especially children. Sucrose contained in marshmallow increases the growth of Streptococcus mutans and plaque. Betel chew as Indonesian traditional plants add in marshmallow was believed to decrease S. mutans and plaque. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chewing marshmallow containing betel chew in reducing S. mutans and plaque index in children. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design. It was conducted in the Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry, Laboratory of Agricultural Technology Department, and Islamic School of Al-Amalul Khair. Thirty students were divided into two groups. Group A was chewing marshmallow without betel chew and Group B was chewing marshmallow containing betel chew. Results: The results showed that chewing marshmallow without betel chew increased the growth of S. mutans and plaque index significantly. Chewing marshmallow without betel chew inhibited the growth of S. mutans and dental plaque formation. Conclusion: Chewing marshmallow containing betel chew reduces S. mutans and plaque index on children.

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Calcium Hydroxide in Endodontics: An Overview

Cited by 55 publications

References 29 publications

Diffusion of calcium hydroxide through dentinal tubules of retreated root canals: An in vitro study

Diffusion of calcium hydroxide through dentinal tubules of retreated root canals: An in vitro study

Dexamethasone - loaded polymeric porous sponge as a hard tissue regeneration agent

Effect of Chewing Marshmallow Containing Betel Chew in Reducing Streptococcus Mutans and Plaque Index on Children

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