Calcium Phosphate—Chitosan Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Macroporous calcium phosphate-chitosan composite scaffolds were fabricated and evaluated for use in bone tissue engineering. Human osteoblast-like MG63 cells were cultured on the composite scaffolds, and their response to the materials was studied. Cell morphology, total protein content, and expression of classic markers for osteoblast differentiation were characterized. MG63 cells on the hydroxyapatite scaffolds nesting chitosan sponges (HC1) showed significantly higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level and osteocalcin (OC) production during the 11-day culture period, compared with the control culture on tissue culture plates. Cells on the chitosan scaffolds incorporated with hydroxyapatite powders (HC2) exhibited lower ALP activity during the 11-day culture period and OC secretion during the first 7 days, in comparison with that on HC1. The addition of calcium phosphate glass as in HC3 scaffolds increased the ALP and OC levels of MG63 cells. Our study indicated that the hydroxyapatite-matrix composite scaffolds might enhance the phenotype expression of MG63 cells, in comparison with chitosan-matrix scaffolds. Soluble calcium phosphate glasses should be added to the scaffolds to prevent chitosan from fast degradation that may affect the differentiation of osteoblast cells.

Biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates

“…Various biocomposites of calcium orthophosphates with chitosan 298,482,500,512,527,565,[645][646][647][648][649][650][651][652][653]674,675,690,695,799,807,[811][812][813][814][815][816][817][818][819][820][821][822][823][824][825][826][827][828] and chitin 232,476,612,[829][830][831][832][833] are also very popular. For example, a solutionbased method was developed to combine HA powders with chitin, in which the ceramic particles were uniformly dispersed.…”

Chitosan Films: A Potential Local Drug Delivery System for Antibiotics

“…Chitosan is biodegradable and biocompatible and is becoming more prevalent in the drug delivery arena [1,7,17,19,25,40,43]. Chitosan has been used as a material incorporated into implantable scaffolds in several studies [39,[41][42][43]. Further studies demonstrate chitosan is bacteriostatic and enhances wound healing rates [8,19,25,35,38].…”

Chitosan and its composites: Properties for use in bone substitution

“…It has been observed that osteoblasts embedded in the CTS/HAp scaffolds are activated after 30 min and after 5 days they will start to aggregate the bone reconstruction process. 28 Kawakami et al studied the in vivo effect of CTS/HAp self-hardening paste through its application on the surface after removal of the periosteum. New bone formation was observed after 1 week and continued during a 20-week follow-up.…”