Calcium phosphate silicate ceramics for heavy metal immobilization and antibacterial activity in waste water

Application of hydroxyapatite and cement kiln dust mixture in adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solution

“…In particular, HAp can be shaped in the form of cylinders, Raschig rings and spherical shape to use in packed columns. The packed bed is filled by the shaped HAp and the liquid containing heavy metals is distributed over and trickles down through the packed bed, exposing a large surface for the purification of liquid [15]. The cylindrical shape of HAp is preferred as a suitable form due to their capability of standing in the aggressive environments and the possibility for fabricating by the extrusion.…”

“…In spite of the excellent adsorption properties of HAp, the mechanical strength of this material which is synthesized using calcium hydroxide is usually low to fabricate the packed beds [15,16]. Furthermore, the addition of other reinforcement materials such as quartz significantly decreases the sorption capacity.…”

“…Regardless, the sorption capacity and compressive strength, the manufacturing process should provide the reliable beds. In principle the reliability of beds can be presented by the probability function proposed by Weibull that describes the failure occurring from the critical flaws [15,16].…”

Sol-gel bioactive glass-ceramics Part I: Calcium phosphate silicate/wollastonite glass-ceramics

“…Ca 2 P 2 O 7 , CaCO 3 and SiO 2 treated at 1100°C/72 h can lead to the formation of TCP and/or Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 2 SiO 4 (silicocarnotite). Barba et al [13] observed that the synthesized SiHA ceramics contain silicocarnotite as the main phase with Ca 7 (PO 4 ) 2 (SiO 4 ) 2 (calcium silicate phosphate) and CaSiO 3 (wollastonite). Other authors [14][15][16] investigated the phase formation and evolution in Si-TCP/HA (silicon-stabilized tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite).…”

Utilisation of gyrolite with impure Cd2+ ions in cement stone

“…One of the main methods by which such materials are used is to embed them in various binders (Alp et al, 2008;Barba and Callejas, 2006;Cvetkovic et al, 2009;Leonard and Stegemann, 2010;Xu et al, 2010). Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is the most adaptable binder currently available for the immobilisation of heavy metals.…”