Calcium solubility of dental enamel following sub‐ablative Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser irradiation in vitro

Apel, Christian; Meister, Jörg; Schmitt, N.; Gräber, Hans-Georg; Gutknecht, Norbert

doi:10.1002/lsm.10058

Cited by 95 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is consistent with the outcomes of Rodriguez-Vilchis et al 30 who found that acid resistance of enamel did not increase as expected following subablative Er:YAG laser irradiation. Apel et al 31 indicated no significant difference in calcium solubility between the specimens irradiated with the subablative Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers and that of the control. Another study demonstrated the formation of cracks following subablative erbium laser irradiation, which might act as starting points for acid attack and thus attenuate any positive effect of laser irradiation on caries prevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structural and Morphological Changes in Human Dentin after Ablative and Subablative Er:YAG Laser Irradiation

2016

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Introduction: This study investigated the influence of Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser on microhardness, chemical composition and subsurface morphology of dentin cavity walls. Methods: Forty sound human premolars were selected and randomly assigned into four groups. Class V cavities were prepared either with an Er:YAG laser (groups 1 and 2; 15 Hz, 250 mJ for enamel, 10 Hz, 200 mJ for dentin) or with a high speed handpiece (groups 3 and 4). The specimens in groups 1 and 3 served as the control, whereas those in groups 2 and 4 were exposed to subablative laser irradiation following cavity preparation (10 Hz, 50 mJ). After bisecting the specimens, one half was subjected to microhardness assessment and the other half was evaluated by SEM-EDS analysis. Results: Microhardness was significantly greater in the specimens prepared by both ablative and subablative laser irradiation (group 2) than that of the bur-prepared cavities (groups 3 and 4) (P < 0.05). The quantity of calcium ion was significantly greater in cavities prepared by the Er:YAG laser (groups 1 and 2) compared to that of the bur cavities (groups 3 and 4) (P < 0.05). Subablative irradiation improved microhardness and weight percentage of calcium ion in both laser and bur cavities, but the difference was not significant compared to that of the relevant control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Cavity preparation with an Er:YAG laser could be considered as an alternative to the conventional method of drilling, as it enhances the mechanical and compositional properties of lased dentin, especially when combined by subablative irradiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structural and Morphological Changes in Human Dentin after Ablative and Subablative Er:YAG Laser Irradiation

2016

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“…[7][8][9][10][11] The Er:YAG laser is able to handle dental hard tissue with high efficiency because of the high absorbability of the 2.94 m wavelength by water and dental enamel. [12][13][14] The absorbed laser energy is converted to heat that boils water in the tooth, forming high-pressure steam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid Resistance of Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser–Treated and Phosphoric Acid–Etched Enamels

Kim¹,

Kwon

Kim

et al. 2006

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective:To compare the effects of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser ablation and of phosphoric acid etching on the in vitro acid resistance of bovine enamel. Materials and Methods: Teeth were polished to make the surface flat. The polished enamel was either etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds or ablated with a single 33 J/cm 2 pulse from an Er:YAG laser. The control specimens were free from acid etching and laser ablation. Changes in crystal structure, dissolved mineral (calcium [Ca] and phosphorus [P]) contents, and calcium distribution in the enamel subsurface after a pH-cycling process were evaluated. Results: After laser treatment, poor crystal structures improved without forming any new phases, such as tricalcium phosphates. Among the tested enamels, dissolved mineral contents were significantly different (P Ͻ .05). Er:YAG laser-treated enamels had the lowest mineral dissolution (Ca, 13.78 ppm; P, 6.33 ppm), whereas phosphoric acid-etched enamels had the highest (Ca, 15.90 ppm; P, 7.33 ppm). The reduction rate and reduced depth of calcium content along the subsurface were lowest in Er:YAG laser-treated enamels. Conclusion:The Er:YAG laser-treated enamels are more acid resistant to acid attack than phosphoric acid-etched enamels.

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“…The temperatures (400-1000 • C) needed to achieve the intended carbonate loss (Zuerlein et al 1999a) will be more than sufficient to induce cracking through thermal expansion of pore water. Unwanted cracking has indeed been reported for enamel surface modification using the Er:YAG laser, but not for the CO 2 laser (Apel et al 2005(Apel et al , 2002b. In using CO 2 lasers to create acid resistant surfaces, researchers often use fluences high enough to induce melting in a thin surface layer, when no cracks would be detected.…”

Section: The Effect Of Different Water-pore Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of mesoscopic modelling in understanding the response of dental enamel to mid-infrared radiation

Verde¹,

Ramos²,

Stoneham³

2007

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Human dental enamel has a porous mesostructure at the nanometre to micrometre scales that affects its thermal and mechanical properties relevant to laser treatment. We exploit finite-element models to investigate the response of this mesostructured enamel to mid-infrared lasers (CO 2 at 10.6 µm and Er:YAG at 2.94 µm). Our models might easily be adapted to investigate ablation of other brittle composite materials. The studies clarify the role of pore water in ablation, and lead to an understanding of the different responses of enamel to CO 2 and Er:YAG lasers, even though enamel has very similar average properties at the two wavelengths. We are able to suggest effective operating parameters for dental laser ablation, which should aid the introduction of minimally-invasive laser dentistry. In particular, our results indicate that, if pulses of ≈10 µs are used, the CO 2 laser can ablate dental enamel without melting, and with minimal damage to the pulp of the tooth. Our results also suggest that pulses with 0.1-1 µs duration can induce high stress transients which may cause unwanted cracking.

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Calcium solubility of dental enamel following sub‐ablative Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser irradiation in vitro

Abstract: In summary, it can be stated that, although the erbium laser wavelengths apparently have the potential to increase acid resistance, their application solely for caries prevention would not appear to be sensible under the prevailing conditions.

Cited by 95 publications

References 18 publications

Structural and Morphological Changes in Human Dentin after Ablative and Subablative Er:YAG Laser Irradiation

Structural and Morphological Changes in Human Dentin after Ablative and Subablative Er:YAG Laser Irradiation

Acid Resistance of Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser–Treated and Phosphoric Acid–Etched Enamels

The role of mesoscopic modelling in understanding the response of dental enamel to mid-infrared radiation

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