Calcium sulfate–carboxymethylcellulose bone graft binder: Histologic and morphometric evaluation in a critical size defect

Reynolds, Mark A.; Aichelmann-Reidy, Mary E.; Kassolis, James D.; Prasad, Hari; Rohrer, Michael D.

doi:10.1002/jbm.b.30815

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…CMC and HPMC are considered suitable carriers based on evidence that both substances support the osteoinductive capacities of BMP‐25, 21–27 and BMP‐7,6–10, 28 as well as the osteoconductive properties of bone substitutes 29. However, whether CMC or HPMC can control the formation or the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Agis

Beirer

Watzek

et al. 2010

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) serve as carriers for growth factors and bone substitutes. Although both carriers are placed into the defect sites, their impacts on bone regeneration are unclear. Herein, we examined whether CMC and HPMC affect the differentiation of bone marrow progenitors into osteoclasts and osteoblasts. We therefore induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis in murine bone marrow progenitors in the presence of CMC and HPMC, respectively. Measures of osteoclastogesis were based on the number and activity of tartrate-resistant acid-phosphatase-positive (TRAP(+)) multinucleated cells and expression of marker genes. Osteoblastogenesis was determined by the number and activity of alkaline-phosphatase-positive (AP(+)) colonies and relevant marker genes. Viability was assessed by colorimetric measurement of formazan formation. We report that CMC at 1% caused a significant reduction in the number and activity of TRAP(+) multinucleated cells. Changes in viability were not responsible for the observed effects. HPMC showed no remarkable impact on osteoclastogenesis; however, the concentration was limited to 0.5% because of the high viscosity. The ability of bone marrow progenitors to form AP(+) colonies was not affected by either of the two carriers. Together, these results suggest that CMC and possibly also HPMC can decrease osteoclastogenesis while osteoblastogenesis remains unchanged in vitro. These observations raise the possibility that these carriers might affect the cellular process of bone regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Agis

Beirer

Watzek

et al. 2010

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…These results are in contrast to studies that have previously compared use of CMC in vivo and as a carrier for bone graft materials. A histological study by Reynolds et al () investigated the use of CMC as a binder in the development of an injectable calcium sulfate putty and reported that CMC was well tolerated by tissue and supported bone formation in a critical sized rat calvarial model. Results showed comparable levels of new bone formation when compared with CS graft alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carboxymethyl cellulose bone graft carrier delays early bone healing in an ovine model

Coathup

Campion²,

Blunn

2019

J Biomed Mater Res

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A limitation in the use of calcium phosphate (CaP) is that in its raw form, it comprises blocks or granules, which are limited in their utility for orthopedic surgery and a number of commercial bone grafts are supplied within an aqueous based carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) putty. Our hypothesis was that CMC combined with a porous silicate‐substituted CaP (SiCaP) scaffold would have no negative effect on bone formation after implantation in an ovine femoral condyle. Defects were either (a) empty or filled with (b) SiCaP granules, (c) CMC‐SiCaP Putty or (d) a SiCaP press‐fit dry block. Scaffolds were identical in composition and remained in vivo for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Bone apposition rates, bone area, percentage of bone‐implant contact and graft area were quantified. At 4 and 8 weeks, significantly more new bone and percentage of bone‐implant contact was measured within granules when compared with both putty and block scaffolds. At 12 weeks, significantly increased bone was measured for the granules when compared with blocks and no significant difference was found when the granules and putty scaffolds were compared. Results showed the disadvantageous effect that CMC may have on early bone growth and that granules increased new bone formation when compared with a press‐fit block composed of the same material.

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“…When used as a carrier for bone morphogenetic protein-2, bone formation was enhanced in rat and non-human primate calvarial defect models [11,21]. Reynolds et al [20] proposed that CMC can serve as a thixotrophic agent and function to stabilize polymers and drug delivery vehicles. Cho et al [5] reported that a calcium sulfate-based putty containing CMC promoted early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparable bone healing capacity of different bone graft matrices in a rabbit segmental defect model

Kim

Kang

et al. 2014

J Vet Sci

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We compared the bone healing capacity of three different demineralized bone matrix (DBM) products applied using different carrier molecules (hyaluronic acid [HA] vs. carboxymethylcellulose [CMC]) or bone compositions (cortical bone vs. cortical bone and cancellous bone) in a rabbit segmental defect model. Overall, 15-mm segmental defects in the left and right radiuses were created in 36 New Zealand White rabbits and filled with HA-based demineralized cortical bone matrix (DBX), CMC-based demineralized cortical bone matrix (DB) or CMC-based demineralized cortical bone with cancellous bone (NDDB), and the wound area was evaluated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation. DBX showed significantly lower radiopacity, bone volume fraction, and bone mineral density than DB and NDDB before implantation. However, bone healing score, bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, and residual bone area at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation revealed no significant differences in bone healing capacity. Overall, three DBM products with different carrier molecules or bone compositions showed similar bone healing capacity.

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Calcium sulfate–carboxymethylcellulose bone graft binder: Histologic and morphometric evaluation in a critical size defect

Cited by 44 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Effects of carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts

A carboxymethyl cellulose bone graft carrier delays early bone healing in an ovine model

Comparable bone healing capacity of different bone graft matrices in a rabbit segmental defect model

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