Calculating the characteristics of flash floods on small rivers in the Mountainous Crimea

Abstract

The maximal surface runoff from territory of the Crimean Mountains is represented as a runoff of small rivers that flow through the western and eastern part of the northern slope and from the southern coast. The materials from 54 water gauging stations (WGS) were used to characterize the maximum runoff during rain and meltwater-rain floods on the rivers in the Crimean Mountains. A modified reduction structure of a calculation formula was used for valuation of the maximal runoff of different origin flash flood for rivers at the Mountainous Crimea. The main parameters of the proposed model are summarized as dependencies on the average height of the catchments and generalized in the form of a map. It is also possible to use the second variant of the suggested method taking into account the factor of underlying surface is introduced. Comparison of the calculated values of maximal runoff shows good convergence with both the initial information, and the largest values in the observation period.

Modeling of annual maximum flows with geographic data components and artificial neural networks

“…It is also possible to use the second variant of the proposed method, taking into account that the underlying surface factor is introduced. A comparison of the calculated maximum flow values shows good convergence with both the initial information and the largest values in the observation period [19]. Taylan et al [20] developed hybrid wavelet-artificial intelligence models used in meteorological drought forecasting.…”

Revealing the value of geospatial information with isochrone maps for improving the management of heart attacks in South Africa

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An isoline connects points that have the same value, while an isochrone connects points on a map with the same travel time to a point. They are useful, amongst others, for transportation planning (e.g., Biazzo et al, 2019;Wiśniewski, 2017), for showing the time it takes runoff in a drainage basin to reach a lake (e.g., Ovcharuk et al 2020;Ashmore et al, 2020) or for assessing accessibility of public services (e.g., Basu & Alves, 2019;Snyman, 2017). During the current COVID-19 pandemic, isochrones were used to assess whether citizens would be able to walk or cycle to everything they need within a given timeframe (Altaweel, 2020;Chu, 2020).The Bill of Rights in the South African Constitution (1996) protects the right to life, therefore improving emergency management services and access to hospitals is a priority.

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