“…The most useful tool for examining the sensitivity to initial conditions and detecting the presence of chaotic behaviour has been the widely documented largest Lyapunov exponent (λ) method (Becks et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2016;Gaspard et al, 1998;Gottwald, 2009;Kodba et al, 2005;Navarro-Urrios et al, 2017;Panas, 2001;Panas and Ninni, 2000;Perc, 2006;Reynolds et al, 2016;Rosenstein et al, 1993;Savi, 2005;Showalter and Hamilton, 2015;Wernecke et al, 2017;Zhong et al, 2017). According to a large body of literature,, large datasets are required to assess chaotic behaviour, but this is often not achievable due to cost, technical or temporal limitations (Abraham et al, 1986;Kantz, 1994;Rosenstein et al, 1993). Data scarcity can limit the power of the method to calculate λ ( Abraham et al, 1986;Kantz, 1994).…”