Calculation of calorimetric effect of thermo-field electron emission

Abstract

The aim of the calculation presented in this report is to get more data about the specific calorimetric effect, e.g. the cathode cooling or heating per electron, of thermo-field electron emission from metals over wide ranges of work functions, e q = 2.0 to 4.5 e x electron temperatures T, = 2000 to 4500 K, and electric field strengths F = 1 0 ' to 1 0 ' Vcm". For metals such as Cu, Nb, MO, and W, most commonly used in vacuum electron discharge devices, the temperature range has been further expanded up to 500 to 10000 K.

Detecting Axial Ratio of Microwave Field with High Resolution Using NV Centers in Diamond

“…Building and measuring circularly-polarized microwave (MW) fields are of great importance in many fields like magnetic resonance [1,2] and mobile satellite communications [3,4,5]. Conventionally, precision measurement of MW field strength is realized by converting the field strength to easily-measurable electrical signals like using the calorimetric method [6] and the technique of peak demodulation [7]. The antenna axial ratio measurement is conducted with the help of a linearly-polarized antenna [4].…”

Evaporation and Thermionic Emission Processes of Pb/W(110) Imaged In Situ by Emission Electron Microscopy

“…The temperature during the observation is lower than the temperatures at which thermionic emission of electron from the bare W surface usually becomes appreciable (> 2000 K). 4) This point is discussed below.…”

“…By PEEM, the evaporation process of Pb has been observed in situ, while TEEM observation of the surface has been performed at temperatures ($ 1200 K) lower than the temperature at which thermionic emission experiments are usually performed (> 2000 K). 4) The image force lowering induced by the electric field between the objective lens and the surface makes it possible to perform the TEEM observation at lower temperatures.…”