Calculation of liquid-scintillation detector efficiency

Broda, R.; Pochwalski, K.; Radoszewski, T.

doi:10.1016/0883-2889(88)90161-x

Cited by 69 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The principal reasons for the interest are its advantages in simple sample preparation, good consistency and no self-absorption for  decay nuclide, especially 3 H which emits low energy . And the accuracy of activity determination using the LScounter has been considerably improved with the CIEMAT/ NIST efficiency tracing (CNET) method [1,2] and the tripleto-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) efficiency calculation technology [3][4][5] developed. Both methods use a similar model-the free parameter model, which is based on the statistical description of physical phenomena occurring in the LS counter [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the counting efficiency could be calculated as a function of free parameter. To obtain the free parameter, a reference radionuclide, 3 H or 54 Mn, is employed in the application of the CNET method using a commercial LS-counter with 2 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). 3 H standard is used for efficiency tracing in most cases [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain the free parameter, a reference radionuclide, 3 H or 54 Mn, is employed in the application of the CNET method using a commercial LS-counter with 2 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). 3 H standard is used for efficiency tracing in most cases [8,9]. However, 54 Mn is considered to be a promising tracer nuclide, as 54 Mn activity could be determined by means of 4 (PPC) coincidence method with much lower uncertainty than 3 H [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization of tritiated water by the CIEMAT/NIST and TDCR methods

Liu

Liang

et al. 2015

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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The activity of tritiated water has been standardized by two liquid scintillation counting methods: The CIEMAT/NIST method with the 54 Mn-standard efficiency tracing and the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method. The samples were prepared with Ultima Gold TM AB liquid scintillation cocktail in low-potassium glass vials. In the application of the CIEMAT/ NIST method, the computer program EMILIA was used to calculate the efficiency of 3 H and 54 Mn according to the KL 1 L 2 L 3 M atomic rearrangement model. And the detection efficiency of the TDCR counter was calculated using TDCR07 code, which makes it possible to allow for the potential asymmetry between the three photomultiplier tubes. The influence of stopping power and kB factor is discussed in the paper. When a power approach is adopted for the stopping power for electrons below 1 keV and kB is chosen to be 0.0075 cm/MeV, the relative deviation will be only 0.3% between the two methods. tritiated water, the CIEMAT/NIST method, the TDCR method, kB factor; the stopping power, liquid scintillation counting Citation:Wu Y L, Liu H R, Liang J C, et al. Standardization of tritiated water by the CIEMAT/NIST and TDCR methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization of tritiated water by the CIEMAT/NIST and TDCR methods

Liu

Liang

et al. 2015

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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“…A triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) counter is used for standardization of low energy pure beta emitter and electron capture decay nuclides. [1][2][3][4] Radioactivity can be standardized without standard radioactive sources by the TDCR method. 5) Efficiency fitting is conducted on the plane of efficiency and TDCR value in this method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of <sup>147</sup>Pm by TDCR Liquid Scintillation Counting using Printed Optical Filters

Satô

2018

RADIOISOTOPES

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The Optical filter method is one of methods to vary the counting efficiency for TDCR (Triple to Double Coincidence) measurement. A method for the fabrication of optical filters for 147 Pm standardization was developed using printed plastic film. Toner was printed on a piece of plastic film using the laser printer. The toner color was graduated in steps by a draw software. The counting efficiency was varied according to the amount of scintillation light absorption. The specific activity of 147 PmCl 3 solution was successfully measured using the printed optical filters.

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“…It is well known that with either the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method [1][2][3][4][5] or CIEMAT/ NIST method [6][7][8], the discrimination level has to be set just before the single photoelectron peak so that all single photoelectron pulses caused by disintegration are counted as required by the detection efficiency calculation model. If a significant fraction of these pulses is rejected by the discriminator, the experimental detection efficiency is no longer equal to the theoretically calculated detection efficiency, and an error may occur in the obtained parameter, the figure of merit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%