Calculation of peak-to-total ratios for high purity germanium detectors using Monte-Carlo modeling

Venkataraman, R.; Croft, Stephen; Ruß, W.

doi:10.1007/s10967-005-0692-y

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Semiconductor radiation detectors for high-energy-photon detection require materials with a large detecting volume to intercept radiation, a large linear attenuation coefficient, large and balanced electron and hole mobility (µ)-charge carrier lifetime (τ ) product (µτ product) for efficient charge collection, and finally, high resistivity and low charge trap density to avoid charge trapping under singleevent analysis 4 . Among the semiconductors with relatively strong attenuation, high-purity germanium (HPGe) that was developed in the 1970s gives a γ-ray detector the best resolution, which however needs liquid nitrogen cooling due to its small bandgap 5 . Zinc-alloyed CdTe (Cd 1−x Zn x Te, denoted CZT for 0 < x < 0.2) single crystals with a large bandgap of above 1.6 eV possess a high resistivity up to 10 8 ∼ 10 9 cm at room temperature as well as a large µτ product, and thus produce the best resolution γ-ray spectrum among non-cooled semiconductor radiation detectors [6][7][8] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Dopant compensation in alloyed CH3NH3PbBr3−xClx perovskite single crystals for gamma-ray spectroscopy

et al. 2017

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Organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) bring an unprecedented opportunity for radiation detection with their defect-tolerance nature, large mobility-lifetime product, and simple crystal growth from solution. Here we report a dopant compensation in alloyed OIHP single crystals to overcome limitations of device noise and charge collection, enabling γ-ray spectrum collection at room temperature. CHNHPbBr and CHNHPbCl are found to be p-type and n-type doped, respectively, whereas dopant-compensated CHNHPbBrCl alloy has over tenfold improved bulk resistivity of 3.6 × 10 Ω cm. Alloying also increases the hole mobility to 560 cm V s, yielding a high mobility-lifetime product of 1.8 × 10 cm V. The use of a guard ring electrode in the detector reduces the crystal surface leakage current and device dark current. A distinguishable Cs energy spectrum with comparable or better resolution than standard scintillator detectors is collected under a small electric field of 1.8 V mm at room temperature.

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confidence: 99%

Dopant compensation in alloyed CH3NH3PbBr3−xClx perovskite single crystals for gamma-ray spectroscopy

et al. 2017

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“…Analysis of the spectra was made using Canberra Genie 2000 software with efficiency models created using ISOCS (Venkataraman et al, 1999(Venkataraman et al, , 2005. The method should be regarded here as semi-quantitative, although the patterns of radionuclide concentration with depth have been verified by analysis of depth slices from cores using conventional low background laboratory gamma spectrometry with a HPGe detector.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mercury contamination in surface sediments and sediment cores of the Mersey Estuary, UK

Vane

Jones

Lister

2009

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Mercury (Hg) is one of the most important heavy metals in estuarine and coastal sediments. This is due to its toxic effect on marine invertebrates and tendency for the methyl-Hg to bio-accumulate up trophic levels, where it can enter humans via the ingestion of fish and shellfish (Boening, 2000;Bryan and Langston, 1992;Haitzer et al., 2003;Long et al., 1995). The Mersey estuary (NW England, UK) has a highly industrialised and urbanised drainage basin of approximately 5000 km 2 . Elevated Hg concentrations (>2 mg/kg) in sediments from the Mersey estuary can be attributed in part to the high density of chemical factories in the Widnes-Runcorn area (Fig. 1). In particular, the alkali, bleaching and detergents industries developed in this area in the mid-19 th century used the Castner-Kellner process for large-scale sodium hydroxide and bleach production. This process required a flowing liquid mercury cathode in an electrolytic reaction cell. Losses and discharges from such plants, plus releases from other industries and domestic coal-burning, will have released many tonnes of Hg to the estuary over several decades. In addition to their anthropogenic metal burden, Mersey estuary sediments are also contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) sourced from the dockyards, shipping, chemical works, oil refineries and

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“…The GEB can be used to better simulate a physical radiation detector in which energy peaks exhibit Gaussian energy broadening. According to the MCNPX manual the tallied energy is broadened by sampling from the Gaussian [ 21 , 22 ]: where E = the broadened energy, E 0 = the unbroadened energy of the tally, C = a normalization constant, and A = the Gaussian width. The Gaussian width is related to the full width half maximum (FWHM) by The desired FWHM is specified by the user-provided constants, a , b , and c , where The FWHM is defined as where is such that , and is the maximum value of .…”

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confidence: 99%

The comparison of four neutron sources for Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) in vivo detections of boron

Fantidis

Nicolaou

Potolias

et al. 2011

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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A Prompt Gamma Ray Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) system, incorporating an isotopic neutron source has been simulated using the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. In order to improve the signal to noise ratio different collimators and a filter were placed between the neutron source and the object. The effect of the positioning of the neutron beam and the detector relative to the object has been studied. In this work the optimisation procedure is demonstrated for boron. Monte Carlo calculations were carried out to compare the performance of the proposed PGNAA system using four different neutron sources (241Am/Be, 252Cf, 241Am/B, and DT neutron generator). Among the different systems the 252Cf neutron based PGNAA system has the best performance.

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Calculation of peak-to-total ratios for high purity germanium detectors using Monte-Carlo modeling

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Dopant compensation in alloyed CH3NH3PbBr3−xClx perovskite single crystals for gamma-ray spectroscopy

Dopant compensation in alloyed CH3NH3PbBr3−xClx perovskite single crystals for gamma-ray spectroscopy

Mercury contamination in surface sediments and sediment cores of the Mersey Estuary, UK

The comparison of four neutron sources for Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) in vivo detections of boron

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