Dopant compensation in alloyed CH3NH3PbBr3−xClx perovskite single crystals for gamma-ray spectroscopy

Abstract

Organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) bring an unprecedented opportunity for radiation detection with their defect-tolerance nature, large mobility-lifetime product, and simple crystal growth from solution. Here we report a dopant compensation in alloyed OIHP single crystals to overcome limitations of device noise and charge collection, enabling γ-ray spectrum collection at room temperature. CHNHPbBr and CHNHPbCl are found to be p-type and n-type doped, respectively, whereas dopant-compensated CHNHPbBrCl alloy has over tenfold improved bulk resistivity of 3.6 × 10 Ω cm. Alloying also increases the hole mobility to 560 cm V s, yielding a high mobility-lifetime product of 1.8 × 10 cm V. The use of a guard ring electrode in the detector reduces the crystal surface leakage current and device dark current. A distinguishable Cs energy spectrum with comparable or better resolution than standard scintillator detectors is collected under a small electric field of 1.8 V mm at room temperature.

Recent Progress in Single‐Crystalline Perovskite Research Including Crystal Preparation, Property Evaluation, and Applications

“…Both of these methods are based on a similar principle‐different solubility of MAPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) in different solvents 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105. For example, hybrid halide perovskites show good solubility in DMSO, DMF, and GBL, while they show non or low solubility in chlorobenzene, benzene, diethyl ether, etc.…”

A Smart Photochromic Semiconductor: Breaking the Intrinsic Positive Relation Between Conductance and Temperature

“…This value exceeds the recently reported values for Figure 1. [3] As show in Figure 2, ar emarkable spike on bottom left (H···O interactions) in the 2D fingerprint plot denoted the hydrogen bond interactions among (H 2 bipy) 2+ cation and neighboring (Hox) À anions.I ti sn oteworthy that at ypical region was identified as cation···p interactions (N···C and C···N interactions) between packing pyridinium rings (Supporting Information, Figure S3), with the distance between each N + atom and its neighboring pyridinium plane being approximately 3.40 .T he strong cation···p interactions implied that 1 may be an organic semiconductor. 16 times), [8] and represents arecord for photoswitchable organic semiconductors.Using the colored form (1B), we successfully realized the dropping of conductivity at high temperatures for the first time.…”

“…This goal has now been achieved through T-type electron-transfer photochromism of one organic semiconductor assembled by intermolecular cation···p interactions.C onductivity of the viologen-based model semiconductor (H 2 bipy)(Hox) 2 (H 2 bipy = 4,4'-bipyridin-1,1'-dium;o x= oxalate) increased by 2o rders of magnitude after photoinduced electron transfer (a recordf or photoswitchable organic semiconductors) and generation of radical cation···p interactions,a nd fell by approximately 81 %a t 100 8 8Ct hrough reverse electron transfer and degeneration of the radical cation···p interactions.T he model semiconductor has at least two different electron transfer pathwaysi nt he decoloration process.The development of electronic industry depends largely on the design and synthesis of new semiconductors.For instance, perovskites have brought appealing applications for solar cells, [1] photodetectors, [2] radiation detectors, [3] and X-ray imagers in recent years. This goal has now been achieved through T-type electron-transfer photochromism of one organic semiconductor assembled by intermolecular cation···p interactions.C onductivity of the viologen-based model semiconductor (H 2 bipy)(Hox) 2 (H 2 bipy = 4,4'-bipyridin-1,1'-dium;o x= oxalate) increased by 2o rders of magnitude after photoinduced electron transfer (a recordf or photoswitchable organic semiconductors) and generation of radical cation···p interactions,a nd fell by approximately 81 %a t 100 8 8Ct hrough reverse electron transfer and degeneration of the radical cation···p interactions.T he model semiconductor has at least two different electron transfer pathwaysi nt he decoloration process.…”

Ultrafast Ionizing Radiation Detection by p–n Junctions Made with Single Crystals of Solution‐Processed Perovskite

“…[1] Although these technologies provide useful information for doctors, high-dose radiation may cause cancer. [3,4] Polycrystalline MAPbI 3 thick films and perovskite single crystals (PSC) are two materials currently used to achieve low-dose radiation detection with perovskites. [3,4] Polycrystalline MAPbI 3 thick films and perovskite single crystals (PSC) are two materials currently used to achieve low-dose radiation detection with perovskites.…”

“…Because no built-in electric field is established inside the pristine MAPbI 3 device, the small photocurrent comes from the Schottky diode in the contact interface of the Au electrode and MAPbI 3 , while the photocurrent of the devices based on doped MAPbI 3 PSCs is 100 times larger. [4] This corresponds to a bandwidth of 116 kHz. [29,30] The long-term dark current stability is shown in Figure 2d under an electric field of 150 V cm −1 ; the vibrated dark current is less than 0.3 nA.…”