Calculations of stress-induced changes in the transverse refractive-index profile of optical fibers

Gianino, Peter D.; Bendow, Bernard

doi:10.1364/ao.20.000430

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The additional possibility of transverse strain measurement is introduced by the action of a transverse load when the refractive-index profile of a fiber is modified to induce birefringence. 1,2 Fiber sensors capable of measuring transverse loads can open up new possibilities in multiaxis load sensing, for example, to investigate the strain field in composite materials 3,4 or as all-fiber alternatives to load cells for engineering and process applications requiring compact sensors for hazardous environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse load and orientation measurement with multicore fiber Bragg gratings

Silva-López¹,

MacPherson²,

Li³

et al. 2005

Appl. Opt.

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We demonstrate the sensitivity of Bragg gratings in a multicore fiber to transverse load. The Bragg peaks are split because of stress-induced birefringence, the magnitude of which depends upon the load and grating position relative to the load axis. Experiments show that a set of gratings in a four-core fiber can measure a load axis angle to +/- 5 degrees and a load magnitude to +/- 15 N m(-1) up to 2500 N m(-1). We consider alternative designs of multicore fiber for optimal load sensing and compare experimental and modeled data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse load and orientation measurement with multicore fiber Bragg gratings

Silva-López¹,

MacPherson²,

Li³

et al. 2005

Appl. Opt.

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“…The stress f ield in transversely loaded f iber was originally investigated to estimate possible mode coupling effects arising from transverse stress perturbations of the refractive-index prof ile. 2 This was followed by studies of the birefringence induced by transverse stresses that were due to external load 3 or internal thermally induced stresses in highly birefringent (hi-bi) fiber. 4,5 The response of FBGs in hi-bi f iber to transverse loading was reported by Lawrence et al, 1 who showed that the Bragg wavelength shifts corresponding to the two orthogonal polarization modes varied approximately linearly with transverse load.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential birefringence in Bragg gratings in multicore fiber under transverse stress

Silva-López

MacPherson

et al. 2004

Opt. Lett.

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We present experimental measurements of the peak splitting of the reflection spectra of fiber Bragg gratings as a result of birefringence induced by transverse loading of a multicore fiber. Measurements show that the splitting is a function of the applied load and the direction of the load relative to the azimuth of the fiber. A model for calculating the stress in the fiber that is due to an applied load is in good agreement with our experimental observations.

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“…The stress distribution along the X-axis and Y-axis at any point (x, y) for a lateral load P acting over a length L is given by [84,85,86] (T…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The refractive index gradient at any point P (x, y, z) in the grating is related to the stress distribution by the following equations [84,85,86] for X polarization,…”

Section: Refractive Index Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced transverse wavelength tuning of fiber Bragg gratings for sensing applications

Paul¹

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Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based strain sensors have found a variety of applications in the last two decades. Most of these applications utilize the wavelength tuning of FBGs through an axially induced strain because of the high axial load sensitivity in comparison to lateral loading. However, wavelength tuning through lateral or transverse loading is attractive for applications like structural health monitoring, damage detection etc, owing to the flexibility in mounting or embedding the sensor. The wavelength tuning of the FBG sensors through lateral loading has the advantage of easy surface mounting, ruggedness, long term stability, structural integrity and more resistant to vibration. However, the potentials of wavelength tuning through lateral loading are yet to be utilized by overcoming its inherent limitations of low lateral pressure sensitivity, narrow tuning range and stress induced birefringence. In order to understand these problems, various studies regarding the lateral loading process are performed initially. These studies include analysis of influence of the pressurizing media (or contact media) and contact conditions on the wavelength response characteristics of the FBGs. It is found that the material of the pressurizing media, its configuration and the contact friction play major roles in lateral pressure tuning (LPT) process and significant enhancement in performance can be achieved by optimizing these parameters. The lateral pressure sensitivity is high for a contact media with low value of Young's modulus. The sensitivity also increases with both the thickness of the contact plate and the contact friction between the fiber and the contact media. However, using an optimized contact media always may not be feasible in all working conditions. ni

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Calculations of stress-induced changes in the transverse refractive-index profile of optical fibers

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Transverse load and orientation measurement with multicore fiber Bragg gratings

Transverse load and orientation measurement with multicore fiber Bragg gratings

Differential birefringence in Bragg gratings in multicore fiber under transverse stress

Enhanced transverse wavelength tuning of fiber Bragg gratings for sensing applications

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