“…In context of learning in remote areas and among students with lowsocio-economic status, the simple application called WhatsApp has been adopted as learning media which further assisted the process of mathematics learning (Raynal & Light, 2021;Wong, 2020;Wulandari & Mandasari, 2021). Moreover, the presence of technology platforms in supporting mathematics education has shown positive impacts as reducing anxiety (Delima & Cahyawati, 2021;Soesanto & Dirgantoro, 2021a;Varghese, 2020), improving students' learning (Kalogeropoulos et al, 2021), and improving students' motivation for learning (Randall, 2022;Seidu & Owusu-boateng, 2022). Besides, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) innovation used in mathematics education has grown rapidly, and thus affected the percentage of mobile devices usage among teachers and students (Alabdulaziz, 2021;Gaol & Hutagalung, 2020;Rachmavita, 2020).…”