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A correction method for obtaining the phase modulation curves of liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM) systems under oblique incidence is proposed. Considering the reflection and refraction of the interface, the influence of oblique incidence on the LCSLM phase modulation was simulated and analyzed by solving the extended Jones matrix. The polarization interference principle was applied to construct a phase modulation system, the phase modulation was measured at different incident angles, and the measured data were subjected to Fourier fitting. The phase modulation curve was corrected to a straight line using the inverse interpolation method, and the lookup table (LUT) for the gray level and phase was then generated through the line coordinates. The measured results revealed that a larger angle of oblique incidence led to a smaller range of phase modulation. For LCSLM to function over a range from 0 to 2π, the oblique incidence angle should be less than 45°. Experimental results using 25° as an example confirmed the validity of the LUT. The correlation coefficient R between the phase modulation curve and the ideal linear curve was 0.9893, and the root-mean-square error was 0.1888. At incident angles from 0° to 45°, the linearity of the corrected LUT was as good as that of the LUT for vertical incidence, thereby laying the foundation for high-precision beam pointing control.
A correction method for obtaining the phase modulation curves of liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM) systems under oblique incidence is proposed. Considering the reflection and refraction of the interface, the influence of oblique incidence on the LCSLM phase modulation was simulated and analyzed by solving the extended Jones matrix. The polarization interference principle was applied to construct a phase modulation system, the phase modulation was measured at different incident angles, and the measured data were subjected to Fourier fitting. The phase modulation curve was corrected to a straight line using the inverse interpolation method, and the lookup table (LUT) for the gray level and phase was then generated through the line coordinates. The measured results revealed that a larger angle of oblique incidence led to a smaller range of phase modulation. For LCSLM to function over a range from 0 to 2π, the oblique incidence angle should be less than 45°. Experimental results using 25° as an example confirmed the validity of the LUT. The correlation coefficient R between the phase modulation curve and the ideal linear curve was 0.9893, and the root-mean-square error was 0.1888. At incident angles from 0° to 45°, the linearity of the corrected LUT was as good as that of the LUT for vertical incidence, thereby laying the foundation for high-precision beam pointing control.
The universal liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) is widely used in many aspects of optical studies. The working principles and applications of LC-SLM were introduced briefly. The traditional Twyman-Green interference method, which was used to measure the phase modulation characteristics of a liquid spatial light modulator, had some obvious disadvantages in practice. To avoid these issues, the traditional Twyman-Green interference method was improved. Also, a new method to process interference fringes and measure the shift distances and cycles automatically by computers was proposed. The phase modulation characteristics of P512-1064 LC-SLM produced by the Meadowlark Company were measured to verify the validity of the newly proposed method. In addition, in order to compensate and correct the nonlinear characteristics of the phase modulation curve, three universal inverse interpolation methods were utilized. The root mean squared error and residual sum of squares between the calibrated phase modulation curve and the ideal phase modulation curve were reduced obviously by taking advantage of the inverse interpolation methods. Subsequently, the method of shape-preserving subsection cubic interpolation had acquired the best performance with high computation efficiency. Experiments have been performed to verify the validity of the interpolation method. The experimental results showed that the phase modulation characteristics of LC-LSM could be acquired and calibrated automatically with convenience and high efficiency by utilizing the newly proposed processing method.
Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is extensively utilized for the 3D measurement of various specimens. However, traditional FPP typically requires at least three phase-shifted fringe patterns to achieve a high-quality phase map. In this study, we introduce a single-shot FPP method based on common path polarization interferometry. In our method, the projected fringe pattern is created through the interference of two orthogonal circularly polarized light beams modulated by a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM). A polarization camera is employed to capture the reflected fringe pattern, enabling the simultaneous acquisition of four-step phase-shifting fringe patterns. The system benefits from advanced anti-vibration capabilities attributable to the common path self-interference optical path design. Furthermore, the utilization of a low-coherence LED light source results in reduced noise levels compared to a laser light source. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can yield 3D measurement outcomes with high accuracy and efficiency.
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