Calibration-free eye tracking by reconstruction of the pupil ellipse in 3D space

Kohlbecher, Stefan; Bardinst, Stanislavs; Bartl, Klaus; Schneider, Erich; Poitschke, Tony; Ablaßmeier, M.

doi:10.1145/1344471.1344506

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Similar to older EEG headsets, eye gaze trackers consisted of mounting superfluous amounts of equipment on the head such as a camera, glasses, reflective plates and camera mounts [18,19]. Recently there have been improvements to eye gaze software which has made it possible to track eye gaze from video without calibration [18] and from standard low resolution web cameras [20,21]. Compared to more sophisticated systems involving special glasses or other hardware, later systems minimise eye distractions that may otherwise influence the test results.…”

Section: Eye Gaze Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the Quality of Experience of multisensory media from measurements of physiological responses

Donley

Ritz

Shujau

2014

2014 Sixth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)

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This paper investigates the Quality of Experience (QoE) of multisensory media by analysing biosignals collected by electroencephalography (EEG) and eye gaze sensors and comparing with subjective ratings. Also investigated is the impact on QoE of various levels of synchronicity between the sensory effect and target video scene. Results confirm findings from previous research that show sensory effects added to videos increases the QoE rating. While there was no statistical difference observed for the QoE ratings for different levels of sensory effect synchronicity, an analysis of raw EEG data showed 25% more activity in the temporal lobe during asynchronous effects and 20-25% more activity in the occipital lobe during synchronous effects. The eye gaze data showed more deviation for a video with synchronous effects and the EEG showed correlating occipital lobe activity for this instance. These differences in physiological responses indicate sensory effect synchronicity may affect QoE despite subjective ratings appearing similar. ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the Quality of Experience (QoE) of multisensory media by analysing biosignals collected by electroencephalography (EEG) and eye gaze sensors and comparing with subjective ratings. Also investigated is the impact on QoE of various levels of synchronicity between the sensory effect and target video scene. Results confirm findings from previous research that show sensory effects added to videos increases the QoE rating. While there was no statistical difference observed for the QoE ratings for different levels of sensory effect synchronicity, an analysis of raw EEG data showed 25% more activity in the temporal lobe during asynchronous effects and 20-25% more activity in the occipital lobe during synchronous effects. The eye gaze data showed more deviation for a video with synchronous effects and the EEG showed correlating occipital lobe activity for this instance. These differences in physiological responses indicate sensory effect synchronicity may affect QoE despite subjective ratings appearing similar.

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Section: Eye Gaze Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the Quality of Experience of multisensory media from measurements of physiological responses

Donley

Ritz

Shujau

2014

2014 Sixth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)

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“…Shih et al [18] prove that without information about the cornea and pupil size, at least two cameras and two light sources are needed to recover the eye position and gaze in 3D. Reconstruction of the pupil ellipse in 3D space is done in the work of Kohlbecher et al [10]. These methods have reduced the subject-specific calibration requirements of early methods significantly by introducing an additional camera.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of display and eyes from a single image

Schnieders

Wong

2010

2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

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This paper introduces a novel method for reconstructing human eyes and visual display from reflections on the cornea. This problem is difficult because the camera is not directly facing the display, but instead captures the eyes of a person in front of the display. Reconstruction of eyes and display is useful for point-of-gaze estimation, which can be approximated from the 3D positions of the iris and display. It is shown that iris boundaries (limbus) and display reflections in a single intrinsically calibrated image provide enough information for such an estimation. The proposed method assumes a simplified geometric eyeball model with certain anatomical constants which are used to reconstruct the eye. A noise performance analysis shows the sensitivity of the proposed method to imperfect data. Experiments on various subjects show that it is possible to determine the approximate area of gaze on a display from a single image.

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“…The depth computed from the images of the two cameras helps to identify fingers as the nearest objects and then finger movement can be used for controlling a cursor. For eye tracking typical setups need two cameras to reconstruct the pupil in 3D space [11] while there are also approaches with one camera [7] allowing free head motion. An advantage of both systems is the absence of a complicated camera calibration.…”

Section: Camera Based Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optical Pen Tracking System as Alternative Pointing Device

Seeliger

Schwanecke

Barth

2009

Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2009

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Abstract.A webcam together with a pen can replace a mouse as pointing device for many common user interaction tasks. We have implemented an imageprocessing component integrated in a tool that acts as mouse alternative. The image-processing component tracks the head of a pen based on shape and colour information retrieved in a quick, integrated initial pen-calibration phase using Hough transform triggered by a motion detection cycle. The tracked 2D position of the pen-head seen by the webcam is used to smoothly position the mouse cursor. Combined with auto-clicking we can replace mouse-based user interaction. The system tolerates changing lighting conditions, does not need time-consuming camera calibration and works with off-the-shelf webcams. First user experiences show that this technology can partially replace mouse interaction for Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) patients as well as completely replace mouse interaction within dedicated environments such as presentation booths or simple games.

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Calibration-free eye tracking by reconstruction of the pupil ellipse in 3D space

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Analysing the Quality of Experience of multisensory media from measurements of physiological responses

Analysing the Quality of Experience of multisensory media from measurements of physiological responses

Reconstruction of display and eyes from a single image

An Optical Pen Tracking System as Alternative Pointing Device

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