Calibration of the plate thermometer for measuring heat flux using a conical heater

Han, Haoxue; Yun, Hong-Seok; Hwang, Cheol-Hong

doi:10.1007/s12206-019-0650-1

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“… K cond was calculated using the known heat flux from the conical heater, and equation (1). 21 In the figure, it can be seen that K cond gradually increased according to the increase in heat flux, irrespective of the scale of the new PTs. Moreover, a larger K cond was calculated as the PT scale increased in all of the considered heat flux conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, this approach may cause a considerable difference in the measured values of PT and HFM, in conditions where the heat flux is relatively low or high, and is very different from the mean heat flux. 21 Accordingly, this study attempted to perform a third-order polynomial function curve fitting on the changes in K cond according to heat flux, as shown in the figure. However, if K cond is used as a function of heat flux, equation (1) becomes an equation for an implicit function and it is not possible to calculate the incident heat flux using a simple calculation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This apparatus can supply and control relatively uniform radiant heat flux on the surface of the specimen and has excellent measurement reproducibility. 21,28 In addition, because it is widely used to investigate the ignition characteristics of solid combustibles, it can be easily used for the calibration of each PT in a laboratory environment. All experimental methods and conditions were the same as the standard test method, 22 except that the PT was installed at the specimen’s position to examine the ignition characteristics of the solid combustible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For reference, the gas temperature ( T g ) around the PT, which appears in equation (1), was measured at the bottom of the sample holder to remove the thermocouple’s measurement error caused by the radiant heat. 21 A Schmidt–Boelter type (Model SBG01 by Hukseflux Inc.) was used as the HFM for calibrating the conical heater and comparing it with the PT. For the conical heater’s measurement data, this study used a time-averaged value taken after reaching a sufficiently steady state after operating the heater.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wickström et al 6 and Priyadarshi et al 16 confirmed that when 5 W/m 2 .K was used as an appropriate K cond , the incident heat flux measured from the PT was close to that from the HFM results. Recently, Han et al 21 used a conical heater 22 that can control the heat flux and they proposed an optimal K cond value of 8.6 W/m 2 .K in the range of 10–50 kW/m 2 . When these results were compared to the results from the 5 W/m 2 .K value that is normally used, it was found that the mean relative error of the PT with regard to the HFM was reduced substantially, from 5.3% to 1.4%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and calibration of reduced-size plate thermometer for measuring incident heat flux

Yun

Han

Hwang

2020

Journal of Fire Sciences

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This study proposes a new reduced-size plate thermometer with a modified shape and improved insulation performance in order to resolve problems commonly found when using conventional plate thermometers to measure incident heat flux in fire environments, for example, a low spatial resolution caused by the large plate area and a non-uniform temperature distribution on the plate. The main results of this study showed that the new plate thermometer exhibits high spatial temperature uniformity, and that the plate thermometer can be reduced in size to 30 mm. Moreover, it was found that the relative error of the incident heat flux of the plate thermometer was substantially reduced compared to that of a heat flux meter using a conduction correction factor expressed as a third-order polynomial function of heat flux, rather than using an average empirical constant calculated from measurement over a wide range of heat fluxes. Finally, it was confirmed that the incident heat flux measured by the new reduced-size plate thermometer in a heptane pool fire was in good agreement with the heat flux meter measurements during the rapid-fire growth, fully developed and decay phases of a fire.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and calibration of reduced-size plate thermometer for measuring incident heat flux

Yun

Han

Hwang

2020

Journal of Fire Sciences

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An Experimental Study on the Fire Spread Rate and Separation Distance between Facing Stores in Passage-Type Traditional Markets

Yun

Nam²,

Hwang

2020

Energies

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Real-scale fire experiments were conducted to understand the fire spread characteristics of the major combustibles handled in traditional markets, a space with high fire risk. The major combustibles were selected through field surveys administered at a number of traditional markets. Through real-scale fire experiments, the horizontal fire spread rate according to the maximum heat release rate of major combustibles was examined. In addition, the separation distance to prevent fire spread to the facing store by radiant heat transfer was examined. As a result of the experiments, it was confirmed that the arrangement method of the combustibles causes a large change in the maximum heat release rate, fire growth rate, and fire spread rate. The horizontal fire spread rate showed a linear proportional relationship with respect to the maximum heat release rate regardless of the type of combustibles, and a correlation to define the relationship was proposed. A correlation equation for predicting the separation distance that can prevent fire spread by radiant heat transfer was proposed, and the curve by the correlation equation was in good agreement with the experimental results. Through this study, it is expected that the correlation proposed to examine the horizontal fire spread rate and the separation distance of major combustibles in a traditional market can be usefully used in the design of fire protection systems to reduce fire damage in the traditional market.

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Fire-Resistance Testing Procedures for Construction Elements—A Review

Chaturvedi

Vedrtnam

Youssef

et al. 2022

Fire

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Fire accidents are a significant risk to human life and civil infrastructure. As a countermeasure, the regulatory bodies of different countries have established standards for evaluating the performance of construction elements during fire exposure. ISO 834 is the globally accepted fire-resistance testing standard. Other standards include ASTM E119, BS 476, IS 3809, JIS A 1304, AS 1503, EN 1363, and GB/T 9978, which are utilized by the US, Britain, India, Japan, Australia, Europe, and China, respectively. This article presents a summary and comparison of the fire-resistance testing standards. In reality, standard tests for isolated structural members may not efficiently portray realistic fire scenarios due to the fire location, its intensity, etc. Thus, researchers have utilized a variety of specialized setups and full-scale non-standard fire tests to fulfill their research objectives. The article includes a summary of selected full-scale, ad hoc, and specialized setups that were reported in the literature. The article highlights the need for timely updates of fire standards to accommodate the testing of newly developed construction materials, structural systems, and possible regional fire scenarios. The article also identifies the research areas that require significant focus in experimental structural fire-resistant testing.

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Calibration of the plate thermometer for measuring heat flux using a conical heater

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Development and calibration of reduced-size plate thermometer for measuring incident heat flux

Development and calibration of reduced-size plate thermometer for measuring incident heat flux

An Experimental Study on the Fire Spread Rate and Separation Distance between Facing Stores in Passage-Type Traditional Markets

Fire-Resistance Testing Procedures for Construction Elements—A Review

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