Calibration of Ultrasonic Transducer Based on Ultrasonic Logging Instrument for Shaft Sinking

Abstract

High-precision logging equipment is critical for measuring the borehole diameter and drilling offset in coal mining and petroleum drilling. We propose a module composition and positioning principle for an ultrasonic transducer based on an ultrasonic logging instrument for shaft sinking by drilling (ULISSD) for calculating the reflection distance. The logging distance, which is the primary performance index of a logging system, is determined by using the self-reception sensitivity and error of the ultrasonic transducer in a downhole system. To measure the error between the piezoelectric element of the transducer and the rubber seal of the borehole logging system, we developed an ultrasonic-transducer error-calibration device and a calibration method for a central-air-return-shaft-drilling project. This calibration device can eliminate the inherent error of the transducer and calculate the rate of propagation with high accuracy. The measurement error is reduced by approximately 1.5 mm; thus, the ULISSD measurement accuracy can be effectively improved in central-air-return-shaft drilling.

Evaluation of Ultrasonic Sensor for Precision Liquid Volume Measurement in Narrow Tubes and Pipes

“…As all regression slopes were significantly different than P-B, the pipe for which the sensor is rated for, this demonstrates that the extrinsic factors under which an ultrasonic sensor is expected to perform can have a significant impact on the sensor's response. This result support the justification for performing static calibrations of the ultrasonic sensor under operational conditions with each tube or pipe, which is a suggested practice for such ultrasonic sensors [10,16,18]. Based on the calibration data, the P-A is advisably not a well-suited vessel for liquid volume measurement using the ultrasonic sensor approach due to the farthest linear regression values from the sensor manufacturer's calibration.…”

“…Based on the results of the calibration and the operational performance, it is evident that the use of this ultrasonic distance sensor in conjunction with tubes or pipes that are narrower than its cone angle violates some type of assumption in the intrinsic calibration conducted by the manufacturer and used to produce the sensor's analog output. Such ultrasonic sensors require an intrinsic calibration for the preconditioning of the analog signal [16]. These results show that while the sensor worked well in the 27 mm pipe, it stills requires a calibration in the installed environment to maximize accuracy.…”

“…Extrinsic factors are those related to how the sensor is deployed in the applications and how those factors impact the sensor's measurements [13,14]. The process of extrinsic calibration is the most successful at removing errors when performed under the similar conditions the sensor will perform in the application [10,[14][15][16][17]. This process is also referred to as a static calibration, where the sensor's output is measured in respect to known or "true" values [18].…”

A Frequency-Dependent Dynamic Electric–Mechanical Network for Thin-Wafer Piezoelectric Transducers Polarized in the Thickness Direction: Physical Model and Experimental Confirmation

“…Ambient noise measured by the conventional-sized transducer can be used to invert some valuable information, such as the inversion of underground rock dynamic velocity structure from imaging background noise for earthquake prediction [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]; moreover, because ocean noise carries some valuable marine environmental information, its acoustic inversion is essential for ocean research [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Conventional-sized piezoelectric transducers have also been widely used in petroleum logging and seismic exploration instruments [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. In underwater acoustics applications, larger-sized transducers are used to detect acoustic signals propagating over a long distance for real-time tracking and the high-precision positioning of underwater targets [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”