Calidad de vida de adultos mayores de la Seguridad Social peruana durante la pandemia por COVID-19

Abstract

Introducción: Evaluar la calidad de vida de adultos mayores que pertenecen a los Centros del Adulto Mayor (CAM) de la Seguridad Social durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Material y métodos: Se recolectó información mediante llamadas telefónicas a adultos mayores de 60 años de los CAM. La calidad de vida fue evaluada con el cuestionario EQ-5D-3L, que considera las dimensiones de movilidad, cuidado personal, actividades cotidianas, dolor/malestar y ansiedad/depresión y una escala analógica de 0 a 100. Se midió la presencia de depresión, ansiedad, comorbilidades y el estado funcional. Se realizó un análisis bivariado con pruebas no paramétricas para evaluar la asociación entre covariables y la escala analógica de calidad de vida. Además, se realizó un análisis de regresión simple usando modelos lineales generalizados de la familia de Poisson para evaluar variables asociadas a la presencia de problemas en las dimensiones de calidad de vida. Resultados: Participaron 99 adultos mayores, en su mayoría mujeres (84,9%) la edad promedio fue 73,1 años, 83,3% tenían un nivel educativo superior y 86,7% vivían acompañados. Los adultos mayores con obesidad, enfermedades pulmonares, imposibilidad de manejar su propio dinero, fatiga y problemas de audición reportaron un puntaje menor al promedio (<78,9) en la escala de calidad de vida. Las enfermedades osteoarticulares y la sensación de fatiga incrementan la probabilidad de sufrir problemas de movilidad, de realizar actividades cotidianas y de dolor/malestar. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida de los adultos mayores es influida por multiples factores que se deben abordar para mejorar su bienestar físico y mental.

Impact of COVID-19 on quality of life in Peruvian older adults: construct validity, reliability and invariance of the COV19—Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL) measurement

“…This finding is related to previous studies that reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative psychological impact on women compared to men (Broche-Pérez et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2020). However, a previous study reported the opposite result, where no difference was observed in the impact of COVID-19 emergency status on the quality of life of older Peruvian adults of both sexes (Tenorio-Mucha et al, 2021). In this sense, the present finding and the previous results give evidence that the relationship between quality of life and gender are not entirely conclusive.…”

“…It has been suggested that this may have exacerbated pre-pandemic gender differences (Bau et al, 2022). Likewise, the measures taken by the Peruvian government during the pandemic were so strict that even adults over 65 years of age were prevented from taking walks near their homes and were denied the possibility of physical activity, which is so necessary for their well-being (Tenorio-Mucha et al, 2021). Although the restrictions were relaxed at the time and priority was given to vaccinating adults over 60 years of age, the restrictions may have had a negative impact on people's perception of their quality of life.…”

“…Likewise, the pandemic has increased fear and anxiety about COVID-19, which has generated higher levels of anxiety and depression in older Peruvians (Caycho-Rodríguez et al, 2022a, 2022b, 2022c. Another study indicated that older adults suffering from obesity, respiratory diseases, fatigue and hearing problems reported a lower quality of life; in addition, having osteoarticular diseases and fatigue generated mobility difficulties to perform daily activities (Tenorio-Mucha et al, 2021). Finally, it has been reported that approximately 39% of older adults presented depressive symptoms, either moderate (28.3%) or severe (10.7%); while being 76 years of age or older, not engaging in recreational activities and having comorbidities were significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms (Sáenz et al, 2021).…”

“…Given this scenario, and from a public health perspective, it is important to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the quality of life of older adults. This is even more important due to the vulnerability of this age group and the consideration that Peru was one of the countries that had one of the strictest quarantines during the pandemic (Tenorio-Mucha et al, 2021). During the pandemic, different studies have used a variety of instruments to measure quality of life, such as the Brunnsviken brief quality of life scale (BBQ; Lindner et al, 2016), World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version (WHOQOL-BREF; Power et al, 2005).…”

There is no association between anxiety and lifestyle in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

“…However, for the first half of 2021, the isolation measures were less strict, and vaccination was prioritized in older adults from the age of 60 years so that while the biosecurity measures are met, it is recommended that they perform physical activity in nearby spaces to promote their overall health. 53 This openness and reinsertion into the “new normal” during the COVID-19 pandemic may be an important factor in reducing anxiety levels and improving the well-being of the elderly. It is important that future longitudinal research may delve more deeply into the analysis of these changes linked to government-imposed restrictions.…”