California Current seascape influences juvenile salmon foraging ecology at multiple scales

Sabal, Megan C.; Hazen, Elliott L.; Bograd, Steven J.; MacFarlane, R. Bruce; Schroeder, Isaac D.; Hayes, Sean A.; Harding, Jeffrey A.; Scales, Kylie L.; Miller, Peter I.; Ammann, Arnold J.; Wells, Brian K.

doi:10.3354/meps13185

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Anadromous fish research in the marine environment are sparse, but evidence from juvenile Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) suggests upwelling or downwelling, mixed layer depth, thermal fronts, and prey abundance contribute to salmon distribution, abundance, and stomach fullness [ 66 , 67 ]. Research has found the decoupling of suitable marine and freshwater habitats can be problematic [ 68 ], and anadromous fish research might benefit from methodologies developed for reef fish [ 69 ] and marine mammals [ 70 ] that account for associations with multiple habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of spatial habitat associations and modeling of marine fish distribution: A guide to predictors, methods, and knowledge gaps

et al. 2021

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As species distribution models, and similar techniques, have emerged in marine ecology, a vast array of predictor variables have been created and diverse methodologies have been applied. Marine fish are vital food resources worldwide, yet identifying the most suitable methodology and predictors to characterize spatial habitat associations, and the subsequent distributions, often remains ambiguous. Our objectives were to identify knowledge gaps in fish guilds, identify research themes, and to determine how data sources, statistics, and predictor variables differ among fish guilds. Data were obtained from an international literature search of peer-reviewed articles (2007–2018; n = 225) and research themes were determined based on abstracts. We tested for differences in data sources and modeling techniques using multinomial regressions and used a linear discriminant analysis to distinguish differences in predictors among fish guilds. Our results show predictive studies increased over time, but studies of forage fish, sharks, coral reef fish, and other fish guilds remain sparse. Research themes emphasized habitat suitability and distribution shifts, but also addressed abundance, occurrence, stock assessment, and biomass. Methodologies differed by fish guilds based on data limitations and research theme. The most frequent predictors overall were depth and temperature, but most fish guilds were distinguished by their own set of predictors that focused on their specific life history and ecology. A one-size-fits-all approach is not suitable for predicting marine fish distributions. However, given the paucity of studies for some fish guilds, researchers would benefit from utilizing predictors and methods derived from more commonly studied fish when similar habitat requirements are expected. Overall, the findings provide a guide for determining predictor variables to test and identifies novel opportunities to apply non-spatial knowledge and mechanisms to models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of spatial habitat associations and modeling of marine fish distribution: A guide to predictors, methods, and knowledge gaps

et al. 2021

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“…Quantifying feeding behavior dynamics is needed to meet the goals linked to our identified management drivers (Figure 2). Improved growth following emigration to sea generally reduces early mortality (Fiechter et al, 2015) but the location of high growth potential areas (e.g., near fronts; Sato et al, 2018;Sabal et al, 2020) is also very important to modulating variability in early survival (Henderson et al, 2019). Namely, foraging behavior in response to prey-scape dynamics and the resulting local and regional distribution of salmon influence the spatial extent of ecosystem processes such as predation and fishing.…”

Section: Feeding Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding foraging ecology requires knowledge of available prey communities at spatiotemporal scales relevant to the predator (Figure 2, foci 4, 6, 5). In a system as large as the CCE, available prey varies among seasons and spatial extents, locations, and across years, and this variability can have direct effects on variability in salmon growth and survival (Friedman et al, 2018;Sabal et al, 2020). Salmon feeding behavior, such as prey selection and use of environmental cues to locate prey, and the linkage between secondary production and salmon recruitment remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Feeding Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Ecosystem-Based Management Principles in the Design of a Salmon Ocean Ecology Program

et al. 2020

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Two decades have passed since the initiation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's research program aimed at advancing the understanding of estuary and ocean ecology of United States West Coast Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). In this review and prospectus, we summarize key findings from this program and describe a plan for transitioning it to better support Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM). While we focus on salmon research, our approach applies to research design generally. Our path forward involves increasing understanding of ecosystem processes to improve the dependability of scenario testing under novel conditions. Over the past two decades, we developed a conceptual model for how climate, predators, prey, fisheries, and human activities influence salmon. Knowledge gaps we identified from our conceptual model include limited understanding of salmon distributions, behavior, maturation dynamics, and population dynamics, and salmon interactions with predators, competitors, and prey during winter. We consider emerging risks and vulnerabilities facing salmon and propose analysis frameworks for evaluating them. Increased predator populations, coupled with climate change, pose increasing threats to West Coast salmon and will require new strategies and actions to mitigate their negative impacts. We propose research to support the development of decision-support tools to evaluate tradeoffs associated with alternative management strategies and to inform an adaptive ecosystem management system to improve the resilience of salmon populations and salmon-dependent fisheries.

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“…Case studies from around the globe represent the complexity between scale and the need to define indicators to be able to support management and conservation: e.g., Bay of Fundy (Johnston et al, 2005;Johnston and Read, 2007), Florida Bay (Torres et al, 2008), Pacific coast (Zamon, 2001), south coast of Australia (Ropert-Coudert et al, 2009), southern oceans (Bost et al, 2009). Recognizing the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of physical and biological indicators to understand habitat suitability, species distribution and behavior has been discussed on a wider scale for different cetacean species (Chavez-Rosales et al, 2019), but also on a finer scale for fish in the California current (Sabal et al, 2020), elephant seals in the Pacific Ocean (Abrahms et al, 2018) and whales in the Mediterranean (Cotté et al, 2011). These examples illustrate the importance of scale-dependent interplay between the physical environment, individual fitness, predatorprey interactions, and the mechanisms that drive population dynamics at multiple scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Our Future Seas: Relevance of Spatial and Temporal Scale for Physical and Biological Indicators

et al. 2022

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There is about to be an abrupt step-change in the use of our coastal seas, specifically by the addition of large-scale offshore renewable energy developments to combat climate change. Many trade-offs will need to be weighed up for the future sustainable management of marine ecosystems between renewables and other uses (e.g., fisheries, marine protected areas). Therefore, we need a much greater understanding of how different marine habitats and ecosystems are likely to change with both natural and anthropogenic transformations. This work will present a review of predictive Bayesian approaches from ecosystem level, through to fine scale mechanistic understanding of foraging success by individual species, to identify consistent physical (e.g., bottom temperature) and biological (e.g., chlorophyll-a) indicators of habitat and ecosystem change over the last 30 years within the North Sea. These combined approaches illuminate the feasibility of integrating knowledge across scales to be able to address the spatio-temporal variability of biophysical indicators to ultimately strengthen predictions of population changes at ecosystem scales across broadly different habitat types. Such knowledge will provide an effective baseline for more strategic and integrated approaches to both monitoring studies and assessing anthropogenic impacts to be used within marine spatial planning considerations.

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California Current seascape influences juvenile salmon foraging ecology at multiple scales

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

A systematic review of spatial habitat associations and modeling of marine fish distribution: A guide to predictors, methods, and knowledge gaps

A systematic review of spatial habitat associations and modeling of marine fish distribution: A guide to predictors, methods, and knowledge gaps

Implementing Ecosystem-Based Management Principles in the Design of a Salmon Ocean Ecology Program

Use of Our Future Seas: Relevance of Spatial and Temporal Scale for Physical and Biological Indicators

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