California Planning Agency Experiences with Automated Mapping and Geographic Information Systems

Towards a New GIS Maturity Model: An Organizational Usage Perspective

“…This conclusion was similar to what other studies in the field have found (Colijn and Huyckburg, 2000;Convery and Ives-Dewey, 2008;French and Wiggins, 1990;Johnson, 2013;Kun, 2014;Nedovic-Budic, 1993;Olafsson and Skov-Petersen, 2014). This does not mean that large cities will automatically be at the enterprise stage.…”

“…Some GIS studies have found a positive relationship between characteristics of a city (size, budget, years of experience with GIS) and the state of GIS development (Colijn and Huyckburg, 2000;Convery and Ives-Dewey, 2008;French and Wiggins, 1990;Johnson, 2013;Kun, 2014;Nedovic-Budic, 1993;Olafsson and Skov-Petersen, 2014) in that larger organizations are more likely to have a well-developed and functioning GIS. Other studies have stressed the importance of a 'GIS champion' in GIS development and success (Borges and Sahay, 2000;Convery and Ives-Dewey, 2008;Onsrud and Pinto, 1993;Nasirin and Birks, 1998).…”

“…Nedovic-Budic and Godschalk Table 12. Calkins et al, 1991;Eldrandaly, 2007;Keenan, 2005;Mennecke et al, 1996;Tomlinson, 2005;Jarupathirun et al, 2007;Göçmen et al, 2010;Exprodat, 2013 GIS products utilized Mäkelä, 2012; ESRI, 2015 Birks et al, 2003;Gable et al, 2008;Mangan, 2008; Core process Porter et al, 1985;Mäkelä, 2012 Support process Porter et al, 1985;Mäkelä, 2012 Task complexity Simon, 1960;O'Looney, 1997;Ariav et al, 1985;Gorry et al, 1989;Dennis et al, 1998;Jarupathirun et al, 2001;Mennecke el al., 2000;Smelcer et al, 1997;Swink et al, 1999 Workflow reengineering Giff et al, 2013;Mangan, 2008 Percentage of internal users Calkins et al, 1991;Convery et al, 2008;Witkowski et al, 2008;Jonas et al, 2011 Percentage of departments Baban et al, 2006;Convery et al, 2008;French et al, 1990;Nedovic-Budic, 1993;Marr et al, 1996 Extent of management use Ariav et al, 1985;Jonas et al, 2011;Calkins et al, 1991;O'Looney, 1997;…”

“…GIS maturity models have also focused on examining the integration between GIS and business tasks. Giff and has been a central question of focus in most GIS studies at local government level (Calkins and Obermeyer, 1991;French and Wiggins, 1990;Nedovic-Budic, 1993;Weir and Bangs, 2007;Ye et al, 2014). Holland and Light (2001) By taking the previous studies into consideration, this research provides four indicators of the tasks dimension as an application of GIS in the organization's core business process, support process, complexity of the tasks and the degree of business process reengineering as a direct result of GIS.…”

“…These studies examined different phases of GIS deployment from diffusion, implementation, success, barriers, data sharing and use. French and Wiggins (1990) studied the introduction of GIS and CAD in California planning agencies (a total of 35 both counties and cities). They report low usage of GIS in advanced applications such as land suitability analysis (used in only 8.6%).…”