Calixarene Derivatives for (Nano)Biotechnologies

Abstract

This review summarizes the author's research in the field of bio-medical application of modified calixarenes as well

Antimicrobial Activity of Calixarenes and Related Macrocycles

“…In human kidney cells (HEK-293), the isoniazid complex was shown to increase uptake owing to the solubilizing effects of the macrocycle by 35%, although the ciprofloxacin complex showed no effects up to its solubility limit of 185 μg mL −1 . The MICs of the complexes against E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis, and P. aeruginosa were unchanged from the values of the drugs alone, however, the authors note that the potential for the large calix [8]arenes to bind two different drugs simultaneously warranted further investigation.…”

“…No inhibition was observed for E. coli, however, four derivatives were effective against B. subtilis. The parent sulfonatocalix[4]-, - [6]-, and - [8]arenes together with sulfontocalix [6]arene with O-propylsulfonate lower rim substituents all retarded the growth to a maximum optical density from 16 to 18 h. substituents. While none appeared cytotoxic to uninfected cells, only a 4-sulfonatocalix [4]arene derivative displayed any significant anti-HIV activity.…”

“…Wheate and colleagues investigated the potential for 4-sufonatocalix [8]arene, 41 (Figure 9), to act as a vehicle for the antibiotics isoniazid and ciprofloxacin [33]. In human kidney cells (HEK-293), the isoniazid complex was shown to increase uptake owing to the solubilizing effects of the macrocycle by 35%, although the ciprofloxacin complex showed no effects up to its solubility limit of 185 µg mL −1 .…”

“…This work was followed up by a much more extensive screen of 25 calixarenes, 41, 66, and 68 to 91, against M. tuberculosis by Hailes and colleagues ( Figure 14) [49]. Derivatives based on calix [4], - [6], - [7], and - [8]arenes with t-butyl, phenyl, and sulfonate upper rim substituents, and a range of lower rim, largely ethylene glycol substituents, were assessed alongside Macrocyclon. The parent 4-t-butylcalix [8]arene and 4-phenylcalix [8]arene were more active than their smaller homologues and the 4-sulfonatocalix [8]arene, being water soluble, had activity approaching that of Macrocyclon.…”

“…Since his original antitubercular study, the biological effects of calixarenes and their relatives, the resorcinarenes and pillararenes, have become more widely appreciated. The antimicrobial impact of calixarenes was first assessed in 2002 by Regnouf-de-Vains [6] and has been followed by subsequent reviews [7][8][9]. Herein, we update the field of antimicrobial calixarenes and related macrocycles with the most recent advances.…”