Callus induction and plant regeneration from anther and inflorescence culture of Sorghum

Abstract

Twenty-five inbred lines, including grain and forage types from the USA and China, two hybrids, one Sorghum almum, and one Parasorghum (S. versicolor) were tested for their response to anther culture . Three nutrient media were effective in inducing anther calli from six cultivars (Xin White, TX 403-TSB, DDY Sommer Milo, TX 2779, Brawley, and Spur Federal) and one was effective for plant regeneration for one cultivar, Xin White . Averaged over media, callus induction frequency (number of calli per 100 anthers) was highest in cultivars Xin White and TX 403-TSB (6 .7 and 3 .9%, respectively) . The means of cultivars for media C17-2 and Ms-t-z-2, 4 .3 and 3 .2%, respectively, were superior to that for medium 85D3-2 (0 .1%) . Expressed as an average of the six cultivars and three media the mean calli induction frequency was 2 .6% ; however, differential responses of genotype and medium were noted . Among the 10 regeneration media tested, medium MS-d-4 containing Murashige and Skoog basal components plus 2 .0 mg/1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2 .5 mg/l kinetin was the most effective for plant regeneration . Numbers of albino plants and calli developing only roots increased directly with callus-induction time, whereas the frequency of plant regeneration decreased . Regenerated plants had varied numbers of chromosomes in root tip cells : 10, 15, 20, 40, and 60. The 29 regenerated plants that reached maturity, however, were highly fertile and contained only 10 bivalents in pollen mother cells . Normal chromosome number and behavior for the regenerated plants suggest that induced calli originated from cells other than microspores . However, spontaneous chromosome doubling in microspore-derived haploids may occur . The appearance of albinos also implies that haploids may have been produced from anther culture .

Plant regeneration from embryogenic cell suspension cultures of wild sorghum ( Sorghum dimidiatum Stapf.)

“…A number of studies have been carried out on tissue culture of cultivated sorghum (Gamborg et al 1977;Brettel et al 1980;Wernicke and Brettell 1982;Bhaskaran et al 1987;Wen et al 1991;Mythili et al 1997). Plant regeneration from wild species, viz., S. arundinaceaum (Boyes and Vasil 1984;Guo and Liang 1993), S. almum (George and Eapen 1988;Guo andLiang 1993), S. versicolor (Eapen andGeorge 1990;Guo andLiang 1993), S. nilolium, S. miliaceum, S. virgatum, S. plumosum, S. sudanensis andS.…”

Morphogenic Regulators Baby boom and Wuschel Improve Monocot Transformation

“…For other monocots such as barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat, rice, and sorghum, immature embryos remain the predominant transformation target, despite reports over the years of successfully initiating tissue culture responses from explants other than immature embryos. These alternative explants have included (1) leaf bases to initiate callus cultures in maize (Wenzler and Meins, 1986), rice (Ramesh et al, 2009), and wheat (Yu et al, 2012); (2) immature inflorescences to initiate cultures in sorghum (Brettell et al, 1980), wheat (Maddock et al, 1982;OziasAkins and Vasil, 1982), rice (Chen et al, 1985;Rout and Lucas, 1996), barley (Wen et al, 1991), tritordeum (Barcelo et al, 1994), and maize (Pareddy and Petolino, 1990); (3) multiple-shoot cultures from apical meristems in maize (Zhong et al, 1992); and (4) regenerable callus from mature seed-derived embryos in rice (Lee et al, 2002).…”

Tissue Culture Technology is a Breeding Approach in Wheat: An Overview

“…Proliferation and callus induction between different hormones, mostly Auxins are most effective regulators. Callus induction and proliferation in cereals showed maximum response when 2,4-D was used in mediums (Wen et al, 1991). Carbon presence in media acts as an osmotic agent which completes their requirements for energy due to the photosynthetic activity's reduction under in-vitro conditions.…”