Callus-Mediated High-Frequency Plant Regeneration, Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant Activity and Genetic Stability in Ruta chalepensis L.

Abstract

Efficient methods for callus induction and the high-frequency plant regeneration of Ruta chalepensis L. were established, and the phytochemical potential and antioxidant activity of a donor plant, ex-vitro-established micropropagated plants, and callus were also studied. Yellowish-green callus was induced with a frequency of 97.8% from internode shoot segments of the donor plant growing in soil in the botanical garden cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 10 μM 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 1 μM BA (6-benzyladenine). Adventitious shoots were regenerated from the yellowish-green callus on MS medium containing 5.0 μM (BA) and 1.0 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with a regeneration frequency of 98.4% and a maximum of 54.6 shoots with an average length of 4.5 cm after 8 weeks. The regenerated shoots were rooted in a medium containing 1.0 μM IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) and successfully transferred to ex vitro conditions in pots containing normal garden soil, with a 95% survival rate. The amounts of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidant activity of the ex-vitro-established micropropagated plants were higher than in the donor plant and callus. The highest contents of hesperidin and rutin (93.3 and 55.9 µg/mg, respectively) were found in the ex-vitro-established micropropagated plants compared to those obtained from the donor plant (91.4 and 31.0 µg/mg, respectively) and callus (59.1 and 21.6 µg/mg, respectively). The genetic uniformity of the ex-vitro-established micropropagated plants was appraised by the ISSR markers and compared with the donor plant. This is the first report describing the callus-mediated plant regeneration, as well as the production of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in R. chalepensis, which might be a potential alternative technique for the mass propagation and synthesis of bioactive compounds such as hesperidin and rutin.

Phenolic profiling and bioactivity assessment of in vitro propagated Psidium cattleianum Sabine: A promising study

“…In this regard, Rai and his research team [ 30 ] showed that using BA in a concentration of 1 mg/L achieved a high number of buds of P. guajava while increasing the concentration to 2 mg/L induced a sharp decrease in bud formation. Other research groups [ 31 , 32 ] have reported the same observation they found that high concentrations of cytokinin have deleterious effects on the multiplication of shoots in Aspilia africana and Ruta chalepensis , respectively. BA as an adenine cytokinin promotes cell division in plant tissues; hence increasing its level will increase the number of cells, subsequently with cell contents, and the percentage of absorbed water in the cell tissues.…”

Evaluation of genetic diversity in Jordanian Solanum nigrum plants and genetic stability of invitro grown plant using (AFLP) technique

“…Although plant genetic stability was put under validation in cases where undifferentiated explants like cell suspension or callus were used as plant material due to some tissue culture protocols and in vitro preservation (Tahtamouni et al, 2017;Qahtan et al, 2022), our results revealed that genetic makeup was unaltered in callus and cell suspension cultures (Fig. 3 and 4).…”

Synthesis and Accumulation of Phytocompounds in Field-, Tissue-Culture Grown (Stress) Root Tissues and Simultaneous Defense Response Activity in Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

“…The comparative metabolite profiling of in vivo and in vitro grown root tissues displayed variation in several detected phytocompounds level. The increased production of phytocompounds in the in vitro derived root (compared to intact in vivo plant tissues) may be attributed to various factors such as media composition, hormonal concentration, genotype, photoperiod, temperature, etc., [13,38] and thus, could be a more potent and reliable source of phytocompounds for pharmacological uses. Previously, Vijayalakshmi and Shourie [39] reported the presence of variety of phytochemicals in leaf, stem, and leaf derived callus in G. glabra.…”