A new cytotoxic compound, pterocidin, was isolated from the endophytic Streptomyces hygroscopicus TP-A0451, and the structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data. Pterocidin showed cytotoxicity against some human cancer cell lines with IC 50 values of 2.9ϳ7.1 mM. [6] and its derivatives, and herbimycins [7] and their hydroquinone congeners. Our continuous search for bioactive compounds from the strain TP-A0451 led to the isolation of pterocidin (1), a new cytotoxic compound. We herein describe the isolation and structure elucidation of 1.Ten liters of the culture broth of S. hygroscopicus TP-A0451 were extracted with 1-butanol, and the extract was fractionated on a silica gel column and further subjected to C-18 column chromatography to yield pterocidin (1, 11 mg) as pale yellow oil.The molecular formula of 1 was established to be (Table 1) revealed the presence of signals due to one carbonyl carbon, one oxygenated sp 2 quaternary carbon, nine sp 2 methines, four sp 3 methines adjacent to oxygen atoms, one sp 3 methine, two sp 3 methylenes, three methoxy groups, and two methyls. Since six out of 7 unsaturations were accounted for, 1 was inferred to possess one ring.DQF-COSY spectrum revealed two 1 H-1 H connectivities from H-2 to H-13 branching H-22 at C-12 and from H-15 to H-19. The HMBC correlations for H-15/C-13 and H-15/C-14 suggested the connectivity between C-13 and C-