Calmodulin-Like (CML) Gene Family in Medicago truncatula: Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis

Sun, Qiguo; Yu, Shu-Han; Guo, Zhenfei

doi:10.3390/ijms21197142

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…M. truncatula (Jemalong) A17 seedlings were grown in a greenhouse (16 hlight/8 hdark, 20 to 28 • C) for four weeks as previously described [42]. The plants were transferred to a growth chamber at 4 • C for 24 hunder 12 hlight for cold treatment.…”

Section: Analysis Of Mtsdrs Expression In Response To Coldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase (SDR) Gene Family in Medicago truncatula

Sun

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) belongs to the NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductase superfamily. Limited investigations reveal that SDRs participate in diverse metabolisms. A genome-wide identification of the SDR gene family in M. truncatula was conducted. A total of 213 MtSDR genes were identified, and they were distributed on all chromosomes unevenly. MtSDR proteins were categorized into seven subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis and three types including ‘classic’, ‘extended’, and ‘atypical’, depending on the cofactor-binding site and active site. Analysis of the data from M. truncatula Gene Expression Atlas (MtGEA) showed that above half of MtSDRs were expressed in at least one organ, and lots of MtSDRs had a preference in a tissue-specific expression. The cis-acting element responsive to plant hormones (salicylic acid, ABA, auxin, MeJA, and gibberellin) and stresses were found in the promoter of some MtSDRs. Many genes of MtSDR7C, MtSDR65C, MtSDR110C, MtSDR114C, and MtSDR108E families were responsive to drought, salt, and cold. The study provides useful information for further investigation on biological functions of MtSDRs, especially in abiotic stress adaptation, in the future.

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Section: Analysis Of Mtsdrs Expression In Response To Coldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase (SDR) Gene Family in Medicago truncatula

Sun

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…There were 50 and 32 CML genes in Arabidopsis and rice, respectively [ 22 , 42 ]. CML genes were recently also identified in tomato, Medicago, grapevine, and apple [ 33 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. MpCML40 is the first CML gene identified in Pongamia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Functional Characterization of a Salt-Responsive Calmodulin-Like Gene MpCML40 from Semi-Mangrove Millettia pinnata

Zhang

Huang

Hou

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Salt stress is a major increasing threat to global agriculture. Pongamia (Millettia pinnata), a semi-mangrove, is a good model to study the molecular mechanism of plant adaptation to the saline environment. Calcium signaling pathways play critical roles in the model plants such as Arabidopsis in responding to salt stress, but little is known about their function in Pongamia. Here, we have isolated and characterized a salt-responsive MpCML40, a calmodulin-like (CML) gene from Pongamia. MpCML40 protein has 140 amino acids and is homologous with Arabidopsis AtCML40. MpCML40 contains four EF-hand motifs and a bipartite NLS (Nuclear Localization Signal) and localizes both at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus. MpCML40 was highly induced after salt treatment, especially in Pongamia roots. Heterologous expression of MpCML40 in yeast cells improved their salt tolerance. The 35S::MpCML40 transgenic Arabidopsis highly enhanced seed germination rate and root length under salt and osmotic stresses. The transgenic plants had a higher level of proline and a lower level of MDA (malondialdehyde) under normal and stress conditions, which suggested that heterologous expression of MpCML40 contributed to proline accumulation to improve salt tolerance and protect plants from the ROS (reactive oxygen species) destructive effects. Furthermore, we did not observe any measurable discrepancies in the development and growth between the transgenic plants and wild-type plants under normal growth conditions. Our results suggest that MpCML40 is an important positive regulator in response to salt stress and of potential application in producing salt-tolerant crops.

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“…Promoters contain important regions that regulate gene expression. The response patterns of the target genes to the external environment can be predicted by analyzing the types of cis-acting elements involved [ 106 , 107 ]. To further study the regulatory mechanism of M. truncatula PcG genes in the processes of growth, development, and environmental stress, we predicted and analyzed the cis-acting elements in the promoter region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Polycomb Group Family in Medicago truncatula

Zhao

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which are important epigenetic regulators, play essential roles in the regulatory networks involved in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. Currently, as far as we know, no comprehensive and systematic study has been carried out on the PcG family in Medicago truncatula. In the present study, we identified 64 PcG genes with distinct gene structures from the M. truncatula genome. All of the PcG genes were distributed unevenly over eight chromosomes, of which 26 genes underwent gene duplication. The prediction of protein interaction network indicated that 34 M. truncatula PcG proteins exhibited protein–protein interactions, and MtMSI1;4 and MtVRN2 had the largest number of protein–protein interactions. Based on phylogenetic analysis, we divided 375 PcG proteins from 27 species into three groups and nine subgroups. Group I and Group III were composed of five components from the PRC1 complex, and Group II was composed of four components from the PRC2 complex. Additionally, we found that seven PcG proteins in M. truncatula were closely related to the corresponding proteins of Cicer arietinum. Syntenic analysis revealed that PcG proteins had evolved more conservatively in dicots than in monocots. M. truncatula had the most collinearity relationships with Glycine max (36 genes), while collinearity with three monocots was rare (eight genes). The analysis of various types of expression data suggested that PcG genes were involved in the regulation and response process of M. truncatula in multiple developmental stages, in different tissues, and for various environmental stimuli. Meanwhile, many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the RNA-seq data, which had potential research value in further studies on gene function verification. These findings provide novel and detailed information on the M. truncatula PcG family, and in the future it would be helpful to carry out related research on the PcG family in other legumes.

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Calmodulin-Like (CML) Gene Family in Medicago truncatula: Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 55 publications

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase (SDR) Gene Family in Medicago truncatula

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase (SDR) Gene Family in Medicago truncatula

Isolation and Functional Characterization of a Salt-Responsive Calmodulin-Like Gene MpCML40 from Semi-Mangrove Millettia pinnata

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Polycomb Group Family in Medicago truncatula

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