Calmodulin-Related Proteins Step Out from the Shadow of Their Namesake

Bender, Kyle W.; Snedden, Wayne A.

doi:10.1104/pp.113.221069

Cited by 113 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The 50 members of the CML gene family of A. thaliana have been proposed to encode proteins that facilitate specificity during Ca 2+ signalling (McCormack et al ., 2005; Bender & Snedden, 2013). CML41 expression was previously shown to be upregulated by flg22 (Denoux et al ., 2008), so we investigated whether it had a role in pathogen responses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We next investigated whether CML41 could bind Ca 2+ and, therefore, has the potential to decode flg22‐induced Ca 2+ ‐signals. CMLs can change conformation upon Ca 2+ binding (Bender & Snedden, 2013), to test whether this is the case for CML41 we performed an electrophoresis mobility shift assay (Garrigos et al ., 1991). Initial attempts to express and purify CML41 in E. coli were unsuccessful as the purified CML41 was insoluble.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2g–i) (Thomas et al ., 2008). Plasmodesmal‐association has not yet been observed for any other CMLs, suggesting a novel role for CML41 of decoding flg22‐induced Ca 2+ signals at plasmodesmata (Bender & Snedden, 2013). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A calmodulin‐like protein regulates plasmodesmal closure during bacterial immune responses

et al. 2017

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Summary Plants sense microbial signatures via activation of pattern recognition receptors (PPRs), which trigger a range of cellular defences. One response is the closure of plasmodesmata, which reduces symplastic connectivity and the capacity for direct molecular exchange between host cells.Plasmodesmal flux is regulated by a variety of environmental cues but the downstream signalling pathways are poorly defined, especially the way in which calcium regulates plasmodesmal closure.Here, we identify that closure of plasmodesmata in response to bacterial flagellin, but not fungal chitin, is mediated by a plasmodesmal‐localized Ca2+‐binding protein Calmodulin‐like 41 (CML41). CML41 is transcriptionally upregulated by flg22 and facilitates rapid callose deposition at plasmodesmata following flg22 treatment. CML41 acts independently of other defence responses triggered by flg22 perception and reduces bacterial infection.We propose that CML41 enables Ca2+‐signalling specificity during bacterial pathogen attack and is required for a complete defence response against Pseudomonas syringae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A calmodulin‐like protein regulates plasmodesmal closure during bacterial immune responses

et al. 2017

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“…The most well characterized of these is the ubiquitous calcium sensor calmodulin (Chin and Means, 2000); however, higher plants have a large collection of calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) that contain EF hands but have diverged from calmodulin in structure and function (McCormack and Braam, 2003;Bender and Snedden, 2013). To gain insight into the calcium sensors involved in the hypoxia-response program in Arabidopsis, the interaction targets and subcellular localization of CML38 in Arabidopsis were investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis CML38, a Calcium Sensor That Localizes to Ribonucleoprotein Complexes under Hypoxia Stress

et al. 2015

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During waterlogging and the associated oxygen deprivation stress, plants respond by the induction of adaptive programs, including the redirected expression of gene networks toward the synthesis of core hypoxia-response proteins. Among these core response proteins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is the calcium sensor CML38, a protein related to regulator of gene silencing calmodulin-like proteins (rgsCaMs). CML38 transcripts are up-regulated more than 300-fold in roots within 6 h of hypoxia treatment. Transfer DNA insertional mutants of CML38 show an enhanced sensitivity to hypoxia stress, with lowered survival and more severe inhibition of root and shoot growth. By using yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) translational fusions, CML38 protein was found to be localized to cytosolic granule structures similar in morphology to hypoxia-induced stress granules. Immunoprecipitation of CML38 from the roots of hypoxia-challenged transgenic plants harboring CML38pro::CML38: YFP followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of protein targets associated with messenger RNA ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes including stress granules, which are known to accumulate as messenger RNA storage and triage centers during hypoxia. This finding is further supported by the colocalization of CML38 with the mRNP stress granule marker RNA Binding Protein 47 (RBP47) upon cotransfection of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Ruthenium Red treatment results in the loss of CML38 signal in cytosolic granules, suggesting that calcium is necessary for stress granule association. These results confirm that CML38 is a core hypoxia response calcium sensor protein and suggest that it serves as a potential calcium signaling target within stress granules and other mRNPs that accumulate during flooding stress responses.

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“…To date, the roles of most of the CMLs remain mainly unknown although recent studies using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have pointed out the involvement for few of them in physiological processes associated with stress (biotic and abiotic) responses. 12 Interestingly, CML24, classified into a more divergent subgroup than CML8 and 9, was reported to take part in abiotic stress responses 13 as well as in plant immune responses following Pst inoculation. However, it is interesting to note that compared with CML8 and CML9, the contribution of CML24 in response to Pst is linked both to innate immunity and hypersensitive responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respective contribution of CML8 and CML9, two arabidopsis calmodulin-like proteins, to plant stress responses

Zhu

Perez

Aldon

et al. 2017

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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In their natural environment, plants have to continuously face constraints such as biotic and abiotic stresses. To achieve their life cycle, plants have to perceive and interpret the nature, but also the strength of environmental stimuli to activate appropriate physiological responses. Nowadays, it is well established that signaling pathways are crucial steps in the implementation of rapid and efficient plant responses such as genetic reprogramming. It is also reported that rapid raises in calcium (Ca 2C ) levels within plant cells participate in these early signaling steps and are essential to coordinate adaptive responses. However, to be informative, calcium increases need to be decoded and relayed by calcium-binding proteins also referred as calcium sensors to carry-out the appropriate responses. In a recent study, we showed that CML8, an Arabidopsis calcium sensor belonging to the calmodulin-like (CML) protein family, promotes plant immunity against the phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (strain DC3000). Interestingly, other CML proteins such as CML9 were also reported to contribute to plant immunity using the same pathosystem. In this addendum, we propose to discuss about the specific contribution of these 2 CMLs in stress responses. KEYWORDSArabidopsis thaliana; biotic and abiotic stress responses; calmodulin-like protein; calcium sensor; pseudomonas syringaeIt is now well documented that most of external biotic and abiotic stimuli induce a rapid increase in free calcium levels within plant cells. 1 Calcium is considered as an ubiquitous and versatile second messenger. Indeed, calcium variations are at the heart of sophisticated signaling networks, integrating information from a diverse range of developmental cues and environmental challenges that ultimately will impact gene expression and cell physiology. 2 Interestingly, these variations can harbour stimulusspecific properties 3 and according to the nature and strength of the stimuli, calcium variations display differences in frequencies, amplitudes, cellular localization and they were defined as «Ca 2C signature». 4 These Ca 2C signatures have been proven to encode a first layer of response specificity through their spatio-temporal properties. 3,5 A second layer of specificity is brought by the decoding processes requiring calcium-binding proteins also referred as calcium sensors and their downstream targets. Ca 2C sensors are characterized by the presence in their sequence of the canonical Ca 2C -binding motif called EF-hand. 6 The Arabidopsis genome encodes at least 250 EF-hand proteins, which is much higher than in mammals, arguing for higher importance of this class of proteins in plants. 7 These Ca 2C sensors are classified into 4 major groups, the calcineurin-B like, the calciumdependent kinases, the calmodulin group and a closely related group, the CalModulin-Like protein (CML) family, which is specific to plants. 8 In 2017, we reported that the ectopic CML8 expression (P35S:: cds CML8) confers to transgenic plants a ...

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Calmodulin-Related Proteins Step Out from the Shadow of Their Namesake

Cited by 113 publications

References 72 publications

A calmodulin‐like protein regulates plasmodesmal closure during bacterial immune responses

A calmodulin‐like protein regulates plasmodesmal closure during bacterial immune responses

Arabidopsis CML38, a Calcium Sensor That Localizes to Ribonucleoprotein Complexes under Hypoxia Stress

Respective contribution of CML8 and CML9, two arabidopsis calmodulin-like proteins, to plant stress responses

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