“…These two arms are mounted on a rotary stage Φ and are only used for a pure radial motion R (hence, the name "ΦR", which is pronounced like the number "4" in German, corresponding to its degrees of freedom). This configuration uncouples the rotary and radial motions and is the main difference compared to the similar robots Parvus or Apis [5] and the H-SCARA of Tampere University of Technology [6]. In fact, the kinematics of the ΦR robot can be divided into three stages:…”