Nanocarriers of anticancer drugs are delicately designed with precision addition at every attempt. In this paper, we report CuCo2S4 nanoparticles that show light-absorption in the NIR-II wavelength range and possess magnetic characteristics. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized employing XRD, SEM, DLS, TGA, and XPS methods. The nanoparticles form a composite with biocompatible polymeric β-cyclodextrin. The nanoparticles possess a band gap energy of 2.25 eV. The magnetic property arises due to the cobalt-incorporation in the nanoparticles. The anticancer drug, camptothecin, is loaded in the nanocarrier with an 89% adsorption efficiency. The in vitro release of the drug occurs in a sustained fashion. Further, the in vitro anticancer potential of the nanocarrier is examined on breast cancer (MDA=MB-231) cell lines and the activities of the free- and the drug-loaded nanocarrier are compared. The cobalt-containing copper sulfide nanoparticle-poly-β-cyclodextrin composite works as a promising nanocarrier of camptothecin.