Campylobacter concisus as the etiologic agent of gastrointestinal diseases

Abstract

A number of reports on the pathogenic influence of Campylobacter concisus on the human body and its role in many diseases of the gastrointestinal system, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus and inflammatory bowel disease, have appeared lately. Campylobacter concisus is a Gram negative bacteria which requires an anaerobic environment or microaerophilic environment with hydrogen for growth and is therefore difficult to culture. Due to this difficulty, the rate of infections in epidemiological data are underestimated. There are reports that C. concisus was the only pathogen isolated from the stool of patients with acute diarrhea, which could indicate that it is an etiologic factor of acute gastrointestinal infections in humans. Moreover, the results of some studies suggest that infection with C. concisus is a factor predisposing to the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus, conditions which may be present before the development of cancer. There are also studies which indicate C. concisus infection as a trigger of inflammatory bowel disease, since it has been demonstrated that C. concisus is present more frequently in patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease than in a control group.

Mucosal microbiota of intestinal polyps reveals putative biomarkers of colorectal cancer

“…In detail, healthy samples were shown to contain a high abundance of U. m. of Lachnospiraceae family, Lachnoclostridium , Faecalibacterium , Ruminiclostridium and Subdoligranulum , while CpT samples showed high abundance of Campylobacter . The higher abundance of bacteria belonging to the Campylobacter genus in CRC mucosa, as well as polyp-associated samples reinforces its correlation with the development of intestinal pathologies 63 , 64 . On the other hand, genera belonging to Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families appear to be correlated to beneficial effects on the host as described previously 61 .…”

“…These results reflect the assumption that genera belonging to Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families may protect healthy subjects from intestinal disease 61 , such as through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) 62 . In contrast, the higher abundance of bacteria belonging to Campylobacter genus may confirm its correlation with the development of gastrointestinal diseases 63 , 64 .…”

Campylobacter Concisus and Its Effect on the Expression of CDX1 and COX2

“…Similarly, cell proliferation and p53 overexpression in OA patient samples compared to healthy group have been reported to account for the progression of BO to OA (Fichter et al, 2011). Thus, association between the effect of COX2 and p53 and CDXs in the progression of BO could initiate risk of OA (Akutko and Matusiewicz, 2017). Providing that C. concisus can induce the operation of signalling pathway links to the activation of p53, it will create genetic instability leading to the establishment of cellular abnormalities and activating expression of CDX1 and COX2 (Mozaffari Namin et al, 2015b).…”

“…Each of the studied molecular markers expresses at different stages of BO transformation but there are close relationship between their activation and the induction of multiple cellular pathways in OA. We therefore considered gene expression profiles of key signalling factors in infection with C. concisus and also in current studies (Akutko and Matusiewicz, 2017;Di Pilato et al, 2016) there have been considered its role as a new agent in gastrointestinal diseases. Findings stated that gastric cancer is caused by long-term co-existence of H. pylori with host cells.…”

Novel Campylobacter concisus lipooligosaccharide is a determinant of inflammatory potential and virulence

“…individuals alike suggests a commensal-like nature for C. concisus compared with C. jejuni (6,7). Nonetheless, increased prevalence of C. concisus DNA in samples of patients with ulcerative colitis, pediatric Crohn's disease, gastroesophageal reflux, and Barrett's esophagus disease has been reported (5,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Furthermore, C. concisus and other non-jejuni and -coli Campylobacter species have been implicated as causal agents in prolonged mild endemic diarrhea in children and in traveler's diarrhea (11,13,14).…”