Can bone marrow aspirate concentrate change the mineralization pattern of the anterior maxilla treated with xenografts? A preliminary study

Abstract

Objective:To evaluate bony reconstruction of the atrophic anterior maxilla using particulate grafts with or without autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC).Materials and Methods:Eight patients with atrophy of the anterior maxilla due to teeth loss were selected and split into groups according to the type of material used: Control Group (CG) (n = 4) - particulate xenograft only and Test Group (TG) (n = 4) - a combination of particulate xenograft and BMAC. Both groups received a collagen membrane to cover the xenograft. After 4 months, during implant placement, a sample of bone was removed from the graft area using a 2 mm diameter trephine bur. The specimens were fixed and preserved for histomorphometric evaluation, which included the following parameters: Mineralized tissue (MT) and non-MT (NMT). Cone beam computed tomography was performed at 3 time intervals to measure bone thickness: (1) Before grafting, (2) 4 months and (3) 8 months postgrafting, using localized bone gain (mm) as the outcome variable.Results:Tomographic analysis revealed bone gain in CG of 3.78 ± 1.35 mm and 4.34 ± 1.58 mm at 4 and 8 months, respectively. TG showed an increase of 3.79 ± 0.52 mm and 4.09 ± 1.33 mm after 4 and 8 months, respectively. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that, for CG, MT- and NMT-related values were 52.3% ± 16.78% and 47.70% ± 5.55%, respectively, whereas for TG, they were 65.04% ± 20.98% and 34.96 ± 10.38, respectively.Conclusion:Although radiographic bone gain appeared similar between the groups, the use of BMAC obtained via the BMAC® method revealed an increased mineralization trend in the anterior maxilla. It must be highlighted, however, that this is a preliminary study with a relatively small sample population and further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to verify these results.

Cell-Based Therapies for Alveolar Bone and Periodontal Regeneration: Concise Review

“…After assessment of the full papers, a further 56 records were excluded. Therefore, a total of 18 publications corresponding to 16 original studies were included for qualitative analysis. One of the included studies reported follow‐up data from a previously published study , whereas another one was a correction of a previous report .…”

“…There was a total of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 5 non‐randomized controlled original trials included for qualitative analysis. All RCTs incorporated a parallel design, whereas CCTs included reports with either a parallel or a “split mouth” design.…”

“…We identified cell‐based therapies according to the type of MSCs harvested and the donor tissue. Seven studies reported the use of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) harvested from posterior iliac crest aspiration , two studies investigated the performance of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) harvested from the dental pulp of extracted teeth , five of the included publications involved the harvesting of periosteum‐derived stem cells (PdSCs) from gingival connective tissue samples , one report produced periodontal ligament‐derived stem cells (PdlSCs) “cell sheets,” and another publication used the adipose‐stromal vascular fraction from adipose tissue samples obtained via lipo‐aspiration . In line with the definition from the European Medicines Agency Regulation (EC) no 1394/2007 , we further subcategorized the techniques in another two groups: (a) “minimal manipulation” of tissues/cells or (b) “substantial manipulation” otherwise (Table ).…”

“…Two studies reporting radiographic horizontal bone width linear measurements outcomes and three studies reporting percentage of newly formed bone histologically were included in separate meta‐analysis in the guided bone regeneration category. Random effects meta‐analysis of the studies reporting alveolar bone width showed a mean extra 1.13 mm alveolar bone gain (95% CI, −1.13, 3.65), 4 to 6 months post‐surgery, favoring cell‐based therapies with considerable heterogeneity ( I 2 = 84.9%).…”

“…Although the term stem cell therapy is widely used to describe the use of any of the cell populations above or even to also include therapies using cells further committed in the differentiation pathway, it seems more appropriate to use more focused terms which provide a better description of the cell population being applied providing a better description of their differentiation potential (i.e., tissue‐specific cell therapy). We identified therapies involving five distinct cell populations: BMSCs obtained from BMA , DPSCs from the dental pulp of extracted teeth , PdSCs from gingival connective tissue samples, PdlSCs from extracted teeth, and A‐SVF from adipose tissue.…”