“…This sophistication is found in a number of countries in developing markets, including in China (Wang, 2014), Japan (Bae et al, 2008), and Taiwan (Weng & Tsai, 2018). This type of investor is also considered more sophisticated because of better market timing (Bae et al, 2008), able to take advantage of the firm's potential prospects in trading (Batten & Vo, 2015), and eliminate price errors in emerging markets (Zhang et al, 2020). This condition causes foreign investors to take most of their profits in trading (Bae et al, 2008).…”