Can Gender-Fair Language Reduce Gender Stereotyping and Discrimination?

Sczesny, Sabine; Formanowicz, Magdalena; Moser, Franziska

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00025

Cited by 212 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…In cases where the gender is unknown or indeterminate, or in languages where the traditional norm is to use a male pronoun to refer to all genders, a neutral pronoun should be used instead. 22 ‘They” is now widely accepted to have both singular and plural usages. The use of ‘(s)he’ or ‘him/her’ is better than exclusively defaulting to a male generic, although this terminology reinforces gender binaries and may still be problematic for transgender individuals.…”

Section: What Can You Do: Strategies To Avoid Gender Bias In Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

What is in a Pronoun?

Harris¹,

Blencowe

Telem

2017

Annals of Surgery

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Section: What Can You Do: Strategies To Avoid Gender Bias In Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

What is in a Pronoun?

Harris¹,

Blencowe

Telem

2017

Annals of Surgery

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“…Staying within the linguistic dimension, the tradition of research on the relationship between language and gender (see Freed, 2003) has come to deal with the use of sexist language in terms of its psychological and social impli- Research has shown the consequences of using this sexist form, finding that it undermines motivation, self-esteem, professional performance, and the effectiveness of women by threatening their sense of belonging (see e.g., Briere & Lanktree, 1983;Cameron, 1998;Cralley & Ruscher, 2005;Gaucher, Friesen, & Kay, 2011;McConnell & Fazio, 1996;Merkel, Maass, & Frommelt, 2012;Mucchi-Faina, 2005;Sczesny, Formanowicz, & Moser, 2016). This type of literature, in empirically showing the negative consequences of the usage of these specific linguistic forms on women themselves (see e.g., Bem & Bem, 1973;Crawford & English, 1984;Crawford & Unger, 2004;Gastil, 1990), also shows that these forms create a pervasive collective androcentric imaginary that renders women invisible (e.g., Ng, 2007;Stahlberg et al, 2007).…”

Section: Linguistic Sexismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender biases and linguistic sexism in political communication: A comparison of press news about men and women Italian ministers

Sensales

Areni

2017

J. Soc. Polit. Psych.

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This research on press communication uses a synchronic perspective concerning eighteen ministers, balanced by gender, in the Renzi government (in 2014), as well as a diachronic perspective concerning women ministers from five governments (from 2006-2014). The governments in 2014 and of 2013 were predominantly center-left, with the participation of center and center-right parties, whereas the previous governments had technical-professional rather than political ministers (in 2011), center-right (in 2008), and center-left (in 2006) ministers. In the synchronic analysis we explored the different ways in which the ministers are named, the relative presence of sexist/non-sexist, agentive/non-agentive, and abstract/concrete language in which they were presented. The first analysis comprised 332 headlines and the second comprised 1,356 headlines; we conducted a numerical and lexicographical analysis on the headlines. The results showed: more coverage for men than for women; gender biases in naming ministers involving a greater number of citations of women with both first and last name, whereas there were a greater number of citations of men with their first name only; the prevalence of sexist language that uses the generic masculine rather than the specific feminine (that is, the grammatical feminization of a typically masculine form) in representing women; an increment of the specific feminine in representing women in the last three governments over the previous two; no gender differences in the use of "I" and "We" as markers of agency; more quotations of direct discourse for women than for men; language slightly more abstract than concrete, for both men and women; more positive adjectives for women, and more negative adjectives for men. The results are discussed in relation to the international literature and to the Italian cultural-political context. Keywords RiassuntoLa presente indagine sulla comunicazione a mezzo stampa utilizza una prospettiva sincronica nei confronti di diciotto ministri/e del governo Renzi (nel 2014), bilanciati/e per genere, nonché una prospettiva diacronica sulle minstre di cinque governi (dal 2006-2014). I governi del 2014 e del 2013 erano prevalentemente di centro-sinistra, con anche la partecipazione di partiti di centro e centro-destra, mentre i precedenti governi avevano ministri tecnici e non politici (nel 2011), di centro-destra (nel 2008) e centro-sinistra (nel 2006). Nell'analisi sincronica abbiamo esplorato i diversi modi in cui sono nominati i/le ministri/e, la relativa presenza di un linguaggio sessista / non sessista, agentivo / non agentivo e astratto / concreto, per parlare di loro nella stampa. La prima analisi ha compreso 332 titoli e la seconda 1.356 titoli. Su di essi è stata condotta un'analisi numerica e lessicografica. I risultati hanno mostrato: maggiore copertura giornalistica per i ministri che per le ministre; biases di genere nel nominare i/le ministri/e, con un maggior numero di citazioni del nome e cognome per le ministre, e un maggior numero di citaz...

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“…It was found in the ninetieth of the 20th century. Modern researches illustrate the relevance and urgency of the topic of linguistically equal gender use (Horvath, L.K., Merkel, E.F., Maass, A. and Sczesny, S.,2016) including possible ways of avoiding linguistic female stereotyping and discrimination (Sczesny S, Formanowicz M., Moser, F., 2016), etc.…”

Section: Flourishing Creativity and Literacymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Problem of Gender and Sensitive Use of the Language in Kazakhstan: The Case of German

Ismagulova

Danilova

Segizbaeva

et al. 2016

IJALEL

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In this article the problem of language asymmetry and possibility of the gender and sensitive use of the Kazakh and Russian languages in the territory of Kazakhstan is discussed. One of the aspects of gender equality in society is also the language policy. Authors also suggest discussing this subject, involving experience of feministic linguistics of other countries, and first of all, of Germany. Gender and sensitive use of the language in oral and written communication is especially urgent for Kazakhstan as culturally determined features of the language policy in this cultural space have a gap due to the low level of special attention paid to gender democracy in the language. But at the same time, it creates a vast platform for further researches in this direction. Both language and political activity are determined by the fact that these intentions are part of the general social transformations in our society. An integrated approach to the analysis of gender and sensitive use of the language in Kazakhstan, systematization of theoretical knowledge demands, studying foreign experience in gender reform of the language and it is impossible to be implemented without linguistic data from other languages. Their critical judgment will allow avoiding problems connected with implementation of this policy.

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Can Gender-Fair Language Reduce Gender Stereotyping and Discrimination?

Cited by 212 publications

References 92 publications

What is in a Pronoun?

What is in a Pronoun?

Gender biases and linguistic sexism in political communication: A comparison of press news about men and women Italian ministers

The Problem of Gender and Sensitive Use of the Language in Kazakhstan: The Case of German

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