Can Hick's law and Fitts' law be combined?

Beggs, W. D. A.; Graham, J.C.; Monk, Timothy H.; Shaw, M.R.W.; Howarth, Clare

doi:10.1016/0001-6918(72)90031-5

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Equation 1). Many researchers, including Fitts, have reported higher correlations between MT and ID using Welford's formulation (Beggs, Graham, Monk, Shaw, & Howarth, 1972;Drury, 1975;Fitts & Peterson, 1964; B. A.…”

Section: Variations On Fitts' Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitts' Law as a Research and Design Tool in Human-Computer Interaction

MacKenzie

1992

Human–Computer Interaction

1,289

862

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According to Fitts' law, human movement can be modeled by analogy to the transmission of information. Fitts' popular model has been widely adopted in numerous research areas, including kinematics, human factors, and (recently) human-computer interaction (HCI). The present study provides a historical and theoretical context for the model, including an analysis of problems that have emerged through the systematic deviation of observations from predictions. Refinements to the model are described, including a formulation for the index of task difficulty that is claimed to be more theoretically sound than Fitts' original formulation. The model's utility in predicting the time to position a cursor and select a target is explored through a review of six Fitts' law studies employing devices such as the mouse, trackball, joystick, touchpad, helmet-mounted sight, and eye tracker. An analysis of the performance measures reveals tremendous inconsistencies, making across-study comparisons difficult. Sources of experimental variation are identified to reconcile these differences.

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Section: Variations On Fitts' Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitts' Law as a Research and Design Tool in Human-Computer Interaction

MacKenzie

1992

Human–Computer Interaction

1,289

862

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“…In externally-paced tasks, or where persons are speci® cally required to do two tasks concurrently, problems of interaction s between elements of the task may arise. A good example of the form of interactio n that may 297 Concurrent manual-decision tasks occur is that seen in the data of Beggs et al (1972). The manual task was one of aiming, in the sagittal plane, to a line target in time to a metronome.…”

Section: Paced Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value of`c' used in the regression is dependent on the model assumed for the accuracy of aiming; c = 1 corresponds to the aiming model of Schmidt et al (1979), that of c = 2 corresponds to the variance form of that model (suggested by Beggs et al 1972) and the value of c = 2 . 8 is that suggested in the data of Beggs et al (1972). The results of the regressions were…”

Section: Paced Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent manual-decision tasks

Hoffmann¹,

Lim²

1997

Ergonomics

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The literature on combined manual-decision tasks is reviewed and the data reanalysed. It is shown that in all cases where the tasks are done sequentially, the total time for the task is the sum of the times for the decision and movement components. N ew experiments are reported in which subjects concurrently carried out the two components of the task; the decisions were made while the movement was being performed. Under these circumstances, there was considerable interference between the decision (H ick's law) and movement components (F itts' law) so that the time for the task was increased. The amoun t of interference was dependent on the di culty of each component of the task. With low signal uncertainty and higher response uncertainty, there was little increase in time; this increased as signal uncertainty increased and response uncertainty decreased. R egressions of the data allowed quanti® cation of the level of interference as a function of signal and movement uncertainty.

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“…It has not been proposed in the literature subsequent to the appearance of Fitts' original paper that an exact adaptation of Shannon's equation may be more appropriate; numerous other variations of Fitts' law have been proposed over the years, however, including those by Welford (1960) ;Beggs, Graham, Monk, Shaw, and Howarth (1972); Kvalseth (1980); Kantowitz and Knight (1978, pp. 222-223); and Jagacinski, Repperger, Ward, and Moran (1980).…”

Section: Scott Mackenziementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fitts recognized the improvement brought by Welford's equation and preferred it in subsequent research (Fitts & Peterson, 1964 ). Others have also used Welford's model, noting the data-to-model fit to be as good as, or better than, the data derived using Fitts' model (Beggs et al, 1972;Card, English, & Burr, 1978;Drury, 1975;Glencross & Barrett, 1983;Kerr & Langolf, 1977;Kerr, 1978;Knight & Dagnall, 1967).…”

Section: Scott Mackenziementioning

confidence: 99%

A Note on the Information-Theoretic Basis for Fitts’ Law

1989

Journal of Motor Behavior

260

145

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Fitts' law is an information-theoretic view of human motor behavior developed from Shannon's Theorem, 17, a fundamental theorem of communications systems. Using data from Fitts' original experiments, we demonstrate that Fitts' choice of an equation that deviates slightly from the underlying principal is perhaps unfounded, and that the relationship is improved by using an exact adaptation of Shannon's equation.

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Can Hick's law and Fitts' law be combined?

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Fitts' Law as a Research and Design Tool in Human-Computer Interaction

Fitts' Law as a Research and Design Tool in Human-Computer Interaction

Concurrent manual-decision tasks

A Note on the Information-Theoretic Basis for Fitts’ Law

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