Can morels (<i>Morchella</i>sp.) induce a toxic neurological syndrome?

Saviuc, Philippe; Harry, P.; Pulce, C.; Garnier, R.; Cochet, Amandine

doi:10.3109/15563651003698034

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…(True Morel, which is deemed edible, but which can produce neurological symptoms if poorly cooked) or Verpa bohemica (Early Morel, which can produce disulfiram-like reactions) [41]. G. esculenta contains gyromitrin, which is hydrolyzed to monomethylhydrazine, an inhibitor of pyridoxal phosphate.…”

Section: Epileptogenic Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Graeme

2014

J. Med. Toxicol.

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Approximately 100 of the known species of mushrooms are poisonous to humans. New toxic mushroom species continue to be identified. Some species initially classified as edible are later reclassified as toxic. This results in a continually expanding list of toxic mushrooms. As new toxic species are identified, some classic teachings about mycetism no longer hold true. As more toxic mushrooms are identified and more toxic syndromes are reported, older classification systems fail to effectively accommodate mycetism. This review provides an update of myscetism and classifies mushroom poisonings by the primary organ system affected, permitting expansion, as new, toxic mushroom species are discovered.

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Section: Epileptogenic Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The visual problems were generally diplopia or blurred vision. Within 24 h, 90 % of patients had recovered [41].…”

Section: Inebriating Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Graeme

2014

J. Med. Toxicol.

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“…A neurological syndrome (NS) with cerebellar signs (tremor or dizziness/inebriation or unsteadiness/ataxia ± associated with gastrointestinal symptoms) associated with high consumption (up to 600 g) of known edible morels ( Morchella esculenta, Morchella conica, Morchella rotunda, Mitrophora semilibera, Morchella spp.) was first described in France by [ 39 , 40 ]. The consumption of such high quantities can be done in one or several consecutive meals.…”

Section: False and True Morels And Reported Toxic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The syndrome occurs most frequently with fresh morels but also with dried-rehydrated mushrooms. In fact, it is an old recurrent poisoning not having been previously clinically described [ 40 ]. There is a great variability of susceptibility in consumers since not everyone is equally affected [ 41 ].…”

Section: False and True Morels And Reported Toxic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another additional hazardous potential comes from morels that are commercially available on the market in a dry state. Curiously, drying is believed to ensure morel edibility and this is a critical safety problem [ 21 ], since it is quoted everywhere on the internet that drying is an excellent way to completely eliminate or destroy toxins [ 21 , 29 , 33 , 40 ]. Rehydration is a key quality aspect for those dried products that have to be reconstituted before their consumption [ 42 ].…”

Section: False and True Morels And Reported Toxic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Warning on False or True Morels and Button Mushrooms with Potential Toxicity Linked to Hydrazinic Toxins: An Update

Lagrange

Vernoux

2020

Toxins

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Recently, consumption of the gyromitrin-containing neurotoxic mushroom Gyromitra sp. (false morel), as gourmet food was hypothesized to play a role in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genesis. The present review analyses recent data on edibility and toxicity of false and true morels and Agaricus spp. Controversy about the toxic status of Gyromitra esculenta was due to variable toxin susceptibility within consumers. We suggest that Verpa bohemica, another false morel, is also inedible. We found a temporary neurological syndrome (NS) with cerebellar signs associated with high consumption of fresh or dried true morels Morchella sp. After ingestion of crude or poorly cooked fresh or dried morels, a gastrointestinal “haemolytic” syndrome was also observed. Agaritine, a water soluble hydrazinic toxin closely related to gyromitrin is present along with metabolites including diazonium ions and free radicals, in Agaricus spp. and A. bisporus, the button mushroom, and in mice after ingestion. It is a potential weak carcinogen in mice, but although no data are available for humans, a lifetime low cumulative extra cancer risk in humans can be estimated to be about 10−5. To conclude, a safety measure is to avoid consuming any true morels or button mushrooms when crude or poorly cooked, fresh or dried.

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Cerebellotoxic Agents

Manto

2021

Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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The cerebellum is particularly vulnerable to neurotoxic agents and poisoning. People of all ages can be affected by cerebellar damage due to neurotoxicity, ranging from fetuses to the elderly. Elderly patients are more vulnerable to injury, as well as patients with silent cerebellar lesions, such as preexisting structural lesions. Purkinje neurons are a main target of cerebellotoxic substances. The main causes of TOICS (toxic-induced cerebellar syndrome) are acute and chronic ethanol ingestion, drugs, and environmental exposure. Cerebellar structures are among the most sensitive targets of the central nervous system (CNS) to ethanol intake. In addition to ethanol, drugs such as phenytoin, antineoplastics, lithium salts, and heroin can cause an irreversible cerebellar syndrome. Environmental causes of TOICS include chronic exposure to metals, benzene derivatives, and hyperthermia. Recently, deposits of Gadolinium, a heavy metal of the lanthanide group, have been reported in the cerebellum (dentate nuclei) and globus pallidus following repeated administration of linear Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Both the mechanism of these deposits and their fate are unknown. As a general rule, cerebellar syndromes associated with toxic insults should not be underestimated. In particular, since patients may develop life-threatening edema of the posterior fossa in several circumstances, urgent management may be required. Preventative measures should be considered. The clinical significance of deposits of Gadolinium in the cerebellum is currently undetermined.

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Can morels (Morchellasp.) induce a toxic neurological syndrome?

Abstract: The NS is very different from the common gastrointestinal syndrome occurring after ingestion of poorly cooked morels and is not limited to a cerebellar syndrome.

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Mycetism: A Review of the Recent Literature

Warning on False or True Morels and Button Mushrooms with Potential Toxicity Linked to Hydrazinic Toxins: An Update

Cerebellotoxic Agents

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