Can Salivary Acetylcholinesterase be a  Diagnostic Biomarker for Alzheimer?

Bakhtiari, Somayeh; Moghadam, Nahid Beladi; Ehsani, Marjan; Mortazavi, Hamed; Sabour, Siamak; Bakhshi, Mahin

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2017/21715.9192

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The activity of AChE in saliva can be measured by the Ellman colorimetric method, where decreases are seen with age but also further reduced in people with AD compared to aged-matched controls [80][81][82], albeit not all studies reaching statistical significance. In addition to these findings, within the AD population, AChE is significantly decreased further in AChE-I non-responders when compared to AChE-I responders [80].…”

Section: Acetylcholinesterasementioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders

et al. 2019

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The search for accessible and cost-effective biomarkers to complement current cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and imaging biomarkers in the accurate detection of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other common neurodegenerative disorders remains a challenging task. The advances in ultra-sensitive detection methods has highlighted blood biomarkers (e.g. amyloidb and neurofilament light) as a valuable and realistic tool in a diagnostic or screening process. Saliva, however, is also a rich source of potential biomarkers for disease detection and offers several practical advantages over biofluids that are currently examined for neurodegenerative disorders. However, while this may be true for the general population, challenges in collecting saliva from an elderly population should be seriously considered. In this review, we begin by discussing how saliva is produced and how age-related conditions can modify saliva production and composition. We then focus on the Enhanced digital features To view enhanced digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.9792335.

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Section: Acetylcholinesterasementioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders

et al. 2019

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“…Bakhtiari et al also showed no differences in salivary AChE activity based on gender, age, and disease duration in patients with AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The AChE found in saliva is isolated from salivary gland cells; however, microorganisms may secrete salivary pseudocholinesterase (PChE) in the oral cavity . Salivary AChE is synthesized because of the activity of cholinergic neurons and can be used as a potential enzymatic marker for cholinergic activity . In AD, up to 90% decrease in AChE activity has been observed and the main finding in AD is low brain cholinergic activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In AD, up to 90% decrease in AChE activity has been observed and the main finding in AD is low brain cholinergic activity. Moreover, AChE shows cholinergic activity . Sayer et al concluded that “salivary enzyme activity may therefore prove to be a useful marker of central cholinergic activity.” So, increase or decrease in cholinergic enzyme activities would be expected in AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of salivary acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A case–control study

Ahmadi‐Motamayel

Goodarzi

Tarazi

et al. 2018

Special Care in Dentistry

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Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (PChE) in whole saliva in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in healthy subjects. Saliva has a high potential for keeping track of general health and diseases. AD is a type of dementia with reduction in brain cholinergic markers that causes memory, thinking, and behavior problems. Up to 90% decrease in AChE activity has been observed in AD. Methods and results:Thirty healthy subjects and 30 patients with AD participated in this study. Saliva samples were collected from 8 to 10 AM. AChE and PChE of saliva were assessed by the Ellman method. Statistical comparison was performed using SPSS 16 for t-test. The activity of AChE and PChE significantly increased in the group with AD compared to the healthy subjects. Sex had no effect on the activities of these enzymes. No correlation existed between the duration of illness and enzymatic activity. The enzyme levels reduced with age.Conclusion: AChE and PChE levels were increased in saliva samples of patients with AD. Therefore, saliva has the potential for being used for the purpose of biomarker evaluation to replace cerebrospinal fluid in patients with AD.

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“…In contrast, it is worth mentioning that the activity of salivary acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which has been proposed as a potential biochemical marker of cholinergic function associated with AD, only trended toward reduction in the AD cohort compared to the control group and this apparent reduction was insignificant [35].…”

Section: Saliva Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Specific protein biomarker patterns for Alzheimer’s disease: improved diagnostics in progress

Gozes

2017

EPMA Journal

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This short review looks at Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis through my own point of view, going from imaging through cerebrospinal fluid to blood proteins. Over the last couple of years, we have published two papers targeted at Alzheimer's diagnosis. In one paper, we took an approach of selecting a specific target, namely, activitydependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), and our results tightened the association of ADNP blood expression with intelligence. In another paper, we took an unbiased approach of analysis of all genes expressed in lymphoblastoid cells lines and discovered changes in expression of the regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) as a potential AD predictor. This review will assess our data in comparison to selected independent studies focusing on blood protein biomarkers as well as assessing saliva and urine samples with potential predictive value for AD. Furthermore, the review will provide directions for a combination of innovative markers, stratifying the population toward disease prevention and personalized medicine.

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Can Salivary Acetylcholinesterase be a Diagnostic Biomarker for Alzheimer?

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Salivary Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders

Salivary Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders

Evaluation of salivary acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A case–control study

Specific protein biomarker patterns for Alzheimer’s disease: improved diagnostics in progress

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