Can the body mass index influence the skin temperature of adolescents assessed by infrared thermography?

Reis, Hamilton Henrique Teixeira; Brito, Ciro José; Sillero-Quintana, Manuel; Silva, Alisson Gomes da; Fernández-Cuevas, Ismael; Cerqueira, Matheus Santos; Werneck, Francisco Zacaron; Marins, João Carlos Bouzas

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103424

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Changes in RH have a direct relationship with the sweating rate [ 80 ], and gender difference can affect sweating capacity (with females generally having lower sweating capacity than males) [ 81 ]. Additionally, people in different regions may have diverse perceptions of comfort [ 82 , 83 ], and body mass index can potentially affect temperature measurements, particularly in relation to skin temperature [ 84 ]. The investigation of environmental factors that can affect biological/physiological changes was not within the scope of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Best Practices for Body Temperature Measurement with Infrared Thermography: External Factors Affecting Accuracy

Mazdeyasna,

Ghassemi,

Wang

2023

Sensors

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Infrared thermographs (IRTs) are commonly used during disease pandemics to screen individuals with elevated body temperature (EBT). To address the limited research on external factors affecting IRT accuracy, we conducted benchtop measurements and computer simulations with two IRTs, with or without an external temperature reference source (ETRS) for temperature compensation. The combination of an IRT and an ETRS forms a screening thermograph (ST). We investigated the effects of viewing angle (θ, 0–75°), ETRS set temperature (TETRS, 30–40 °C), ambient temperature (Tatm, 18–32 °C), relative humidity (RH, 15–80%), and working distance (d, 0.4–2.8 m). We discovered that STs exhibited higher accuracy compared to IRTs alone. Across the tested ranges of Tatm and RH, both IRTs exhibited absolute measurement errors of less than 0.97 °C, while both STs maintained absolute measurement errors of less than 0.12 °C. The optimal TETRS for EBT detection was 36–37 °C. When θ was below 30°, the two STs underestimated calibration source (CS) temperature (TCS) of less than 0.05 °C. The computer simulations showed absolute temperature differences of up to 0.28 °C and 0.04 °C between estimated and theoretical temperatures for IRTs and STs, respectively, considering d of 0.2–3.0 m, Tatm of 15–35 °C, and RH of 5–95%. The results highlight the importance of precise calibration and environmental control for reliable temperature readings and suggest proper ranges for these factors, aiming to enhance current standard documents and best practice guidelines. These insights enhance our understanding of IRT performance and their sensitivity to various factors, thereby facilitating the development of best practices for accurate EBT measurement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Best Practices for Body Temperature Measurement with Infrared Thermography: External Factors Affecting Accuracy

Mazdeyasna,

Ghassemi,

Wang

2023

Sensors

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“…Furthermore, we elaborated a normative table to establish the thermal profile of the adolescents based on the %BF for each ROI analyzed. For this, we used the percentiles (P) as a reference to classify if an ROI was "strongly hypo-radiant" (P < 5), "hypo-radiant" (P The thermograms were automatically analyzed with ThermoHuman ® software version 2.12 (PEMA THERMO GROUP S.L., Madrid, Spain), a validated system [30,31] that has been used in other studies with human population [32][33][34]. The software provides mean Tsk and standard deviation values and the number of pixels, which are automatically quantified in 48 ROI for the upper body and 36 ROI for the lower body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite being considered the reference method for assessing %BF, DXA is an expensive technology with limited accessibility. In this way, researching the influence of body composition on Tsk, the body mass index (BMI) appears as a viable option; however, it requires a specific evaluation since different BMI classification ranges can also influence Tsk values in adolescents, as indicated by Reis et al [34,44]. However, it is important to observe whether the subject performs resistance training activities since the total amount of muscle mass can influence the BMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 10 min, following the methodology of Yasuoka et al [29], they were asked to report the thermal sensation (TS) on a 9-point scale (+4, very hot; +3, hot; +2, warm; +1, slightly warm; 0, neutral; −1, slightly cool; −2, cool; −3, cold; −4 very cold) and the comfort sensation (CS) on a 7-point scale (+3, very comfortable; +2, comfortable; +1, slightly comfortable; 0, neutral; −1, slightly uncomfortable; −2, uncomfortable; −3, very uncomfortable). The thermograms were automatically analyzed with ThermoHuman ® software version 2.12 (PEMA THERMO GROUP S.L., Madrid, Spain), a validated system [30,31] that has been used in other studies with human population [32][33][34]. The software provides mean Tsk and standard deviation values and the number of pixels, which are automatically quantified in 48 ROI for the upper body and 36 ROI for the lower body.…”

Section: Thermography Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Adipose Tissue Influence the Evaluation of Thermographic Images in Adolescents?

Reis

Brito

Quintana

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Infrared thermography (IRT) is a technology easy to use for clinical purposes as a pre-diagnostic tool for many health conditions. However, the analysis process of a thermographic image needs to be meticulous to make an appropriate decision. The adipose tissue is considered a potential influence factor in the skin temperature (Tsk) values obtained by IRT. This study aimed to verify the influence of body fat percentage (%BF) on Tsk measured by IRT in male adolescents. A total of 100 adolescents (16.79 ± 0.97 years old and body mass index of 18.41 ± 2.32 kg/m²) was divided into two groups through the results of a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analysis: obese (n = 50, %BF 30.21 ± 3.79) and non-obese (n = 50, %BF 11.33 ± 3.08). Thermograms were obtained by a FLIR T420 infrared camera and analyzed by ThermoHuman® software version 2.12, subdividing the body into seven regions of interest (ROI). The results showed that obese adolescents presented lower mean Tsk values than the non-obese for all ROIs (p < 0.05), with emphasis on the global Tsk (0.91 °C) and anterior (1.28 °C) and posterior trunk (1.18 °C), with “very large” effect size values. A negative correlation was observed in all the ROI (p < 0.01), mainly in the anterior (r = −0.71, p < 0.001) and posterior trunk (r = −0.65, p < 0.001). Tables of thermal normality were proposed for different ROIs according to the classification of obesity. In conclusion, the %BF affects the registered Tsk values in male Brazilian adolescents assessed by IRT.

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Comparison of infrared thermography of the face between mouth-breathing and nasal-breathing children

Valentim,

Motta,

Silva

et al. 2024

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Can the body mass index influence the skin temperature of adolescents assessed by infrared thermography?

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Best Practices for Body Temperature Measurement with Infrared Thermography: External Factors Affecting Accuracy

Best Practices for Body Temperature Measurement with Infrared Thermography: External Factors Affecting Accuracy

Can Adipose Tissue Influence the Evaluation of Thermographic Images in Adolescents?

Comparison of infrared thermography of the face between mouth-breathing and nasal-breathing children

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