Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN)

Jayachandran, P. T.; Langley, Richard B.; MacDougall, J. W.; Mushini, S. C.; Pokhotelov, Dimitry; Hamza, A. M.; Mann, I. R.; Milling, D. K.; Kale, Z. C.; Chadwick, R.; Kelly, T.; Danskin, D. W.; Carrano, Charles S.

doi:10.1029/2008rs004046

Cited by 173 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…GPS data is from the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) [Jayachandran et al, 2009a]. Figure 1 shows a geomagnetic map of collocated GPS receivers and riometers used in this study.…”

Section: Data and Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we apply a method of tracking high energy precipitation associated with substorm injection using an array of riometers, and extend this method to ionospheric data obtained from the Global Positioning System (GPS). Availability of GPS receivers in Arctic regions [Jayachandran et al, 2009a] combined with multisatellite data at each ground receiver allows for high resolution space/time study of precipitation signatures as the substorm injection region evolves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GPS TEC technique for observation of the evolution of substorm particle precipitation

et al. 2011

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[1] One of the signatures of magnetospheric substorms is the precipitation of high energy particles into the high latitude ionosphere. In this paper, we introduce a new method of tracking substorm particle precipitation using GPS Total Electron Content (TEC) and provide some preliminary observations of precipitation signatures from application of this method. Using TEC measurements from several GPS receivers, we examined particle precipitation signatures associated with two separate substorm events (4 October 2008 and 29 October 2008) and monitored the expansion of the high energy precipitation regions with a higher temporal and spatial resolution than previously available. For each event we have observed TEC signatures associated with substorm particle precipitation along 20 to 25 separate GPS raypaths from up to 7 GPS receivers located in the Canadian Arctic. This is in addition to particle injection signatures found in CLUSTER satellite data and precipitation signatures in ground based riometer data. Signature timing on different raypaths from different stations indicates a mainly northward (tailward) expansion of the precipitation (injection) region with a smaller westward (azimuthal) component for the events studied. By applying a triangulation method, we also calculated propagation velocity of the precipitation boundary in regions covered by our GPS receivers. For each substorm, expansion velocity ranged from 0.3-2 km/s northward and 0-1 km/s westward, and tended to decrease in magnitude at higher latitudes.

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Section: Data and Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPS TEC technique for observation of the evolution of substorm particle precipitation

et al. 2011

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“…At the time of the data studied, the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) (Jayachandran et al, 2009) consisted of ten specialised GPS receivers and six Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosondes (CADIs) distributed in the auroral oval and the polar cap (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Instruments and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPS phase scintillation and proxy index at high latitudes during a moderate geomagnetic storm

et al. 2013

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The amplitude and phase scintillation indices are customarily obtained by specialised GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitors (GISTMs) from L1 signal recorded at the rate of 50 Hz. The scintillation indices S₄ and σ_Φ are stored in real time from an array of high-rate scintillation receivers of the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN). Ionospheric phase scintillation was observed at high latitudes during a moderate geomagnetic storm (Dst = −61 nT) that was caused by a moderate solar wind plasma stream compounded with the impact of two coronal mass ejections. The most intense phase scintillation (σ_Φ ~ 1 rad) occurred in the cusp and the polar cap where it was co-located with a strong ionospheric convection, an extended tongue of ionisation and dense polar cap patches that were observed with ionosondes and HF radars. At sub-auroral latitudes, a sub-auroral polarisation stream that was observed by mid-latitude radars was associated with weak scintillation (defined arbitrarily as σ_Φ < 0.5 rad). In the auroral zone, moderate scintillation coincided with auroral breakups observed by an all-sky imager, a riometer and a magnetometer in Yellowknife. To overcome the limited geographic coverage by GISTMs other GNSS data sampled at 1 Hz can be used to obtain scintillation proxy indices. In this study, a phase scintillation proxy index (delta phase rate, DPR) is obtained from 1-Hz data from CHAIN and other GPS receivers. The 50-Hz and 1-Hz phase scintillation indices are correlated. The percentage occurrences of σ_Φ > 0.1 rad and DPR > 2 mm s⁻¹, both mapped as a function of magnetic latitude and magnetic local time, are very similar

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“…Most of the collected data are transferred to the University of New Brunswick CHAIN data centre in near-real-time. The instrument locations and further details are described by Jayachandran et al (2009; Table 1). The focus of CHAIN is on the ionospheric structure and dynamics at high temporal resolution and spatial scales from 1000 km down to a few kilometers, which affect radio propagation and cause scintillation of satellite signals.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPS TEC, scintillation and cycle slips observed at high latitudes during solar minimum

et al. 2010

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Abstract. High-latitude irregularities can impair the operation of GPS-based devices by causing fluctuations of GPS signal amplitude and phase, also known as scintillation. Severe scintillation events lead to losses of phase lock, which result in cycle slips. We have used data from the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) to measure amplitude and phase scintillation from L1 GPS signals and total electron content (TEC) from L1 and L2 GPS signals to study the relative role that various high-latitude irregularity generation mechanisms have in producing scintillation. In the first year of operation during the current solar minimum the amplitude scintillation has remained very low but events of strong phase scintillation have been observed. We have found, as expected, that auroral arc and substorm intensifications as well as cusp region dynamics are strong sources of phase scintillation and potential cycle slips. In addition, we have found clear seasonal and universal time dependencies of TEC and phase scintillation over the polar cap region. A comparison with radio instruments from the Canadian GeoSpace Monitoring (CGSM) network strongly suggests that the polar cap scintillation and TEC variations are associated with polar cap patches which we therefore infer to be main contributors to scintillation-causing irregularities in the polar cap.

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Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN)

Cited by 173 publications

References 31 publications

GPS TEC technique for observation of the evolution of substorm particle precipitation

GPS TEC technique for observation of the evolution of substorm particle precipitation

GPS phase scintillation and proxy index at high latitudes during a moderate geomagnetic storm

GPS TEC, scintillation and cycle slips observed at high latitudes during solar minimum

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